Convention (II) for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea. Geneva, 12 August 1949.

The Proceedings of the Hague Peace Conferences. Translation of the Official Texts. The Conference of 1899, prepared in the Division of International Law of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace under the supervision of James Brown Scott, Director, Oxford University Press, 1920. The original was published in French as Conférence internationale de la Paix, La Haye 18 mai–29 juillet 1899, Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, La Haye, Imprimerie nationale, 1899.

The Proceedings of the Hague Peace Conferences. Translation of the Official Texts. The Conference of 1907, 3 Volumes, prepared in the Division of International Law of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace under the supervision of James Brown Scott, Oxford University Press, 1920. The original was published in French as Deuxième Conférence internationale de la Paix, La Haye 15 juin–18 octobre 1907, Actes et Documents, 3 Tomes, Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, La Haye, Imprimerie nationale, 1907. The 3 volumes are:

– Volume I. Plenary Meetings of the Conference

– Volume II. Meetings of the First Commission

– Volume III. Meetings of the Second, Third and Fourth Commissions, Volume also containing, at pp. 305–312, the report by Professor Louis Renault entitled ‘Amendments to the Hague Convention of July 29, 1899 for the adaptation to maritime warfare of the principles of the Geneva Convention of August 22, 1864’, of which another English translation is reprinted in American Journal of International Law, 1908, pp. 295–306.

Actes de la Conférence diplomatique convoquée par le Conseil fédéral suisse pour la révision de la Convention du 6 juillet 1906 pour l’amélioration du sort des blessés et malades dans les armées en campagne et pour l’élaboration d’une Convention relative au traitement des prisonniers de guerre et réunie à Genève du 1er au 27 juillet 1929, Imprimerie du Journal de Genève, 1930, available at https://library.icrc.org/library/Direct.aspx?noticenr=2234.

Projet de révision de la Convention de Genève du 27 juillet 1929 présenté aux Sociétés nationales de la Croix-Rouge par le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge, ICRC, Geneva, May 1937, available at https://library.icrc.org/library/Direct.aspx?noticenr=9503.

Report concerning the revision of the ‘Tenth Hague Convention of 1907 for the adaptation to Maritime Warfare of the principles of the Geneva Convention of 1906’, 1937, adopted by a Commission of Naval Experts and presented to the 16th International Conference of the Red Cross, London, June 1938 (Document No. 2a), available at https://library.icrc.org/library/docs/CDDH/CI_1938/CI_1938_DOC02_ENG.pdf.

Conférence préliminaire des Sociétés nationales de la Croix-Rouge pour l’étude des Conventions et de divers problèmes ayant trait à la Croix-Rouge, Genève, 26 juillet au 3 août 1946 : documentation fournie par le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge, Vol. I: Révision de la Convention de Genève et dispositions connexes, ICRC, Geneva, 1946, available at https://library.icrc.org/library/Direct.aspx?noticenr=37685.

Procès-verbaux de la Conférence préliminaire des Sociétés nationales de la Croix-Rouge pour l’étude des Conventions et de divers problèmes ayant trait à la Croix-Rouge (Genève, 26 juillet–3 août 1946), ICRC, Geneva, 1947, 7 volumes, available at https://library.icrc.org/library/Direct.aspx?searchfield=t&searchterm=%25proc%C3%A8s-verbaux%251946.

Report on the Work of the Preliminary Conference of National Red Cross Societies for the study of the Conventions and of various Problems relative to the Red Cross (Geneva, 26 July–3 August 1946), ICRC, Geneva, 1947, available at https://library.icrc.org/library/Direct.aspx?noticenr=6876.

Procès-verbaux de la Conférence d’experts gouvernementaux pour l’étude des Conventions protégeant les victimes de la guerre (Genève, 14–26 avril 1947), ICRC, Geneva, 1947, available at https://library.icrc.org/library/Direct.aspx?searchfield=t&searchterm=Conf%C3%A9rence%20d%27experts%251947.

Report on the Work of the Conference of Government Experts for the Study of the Conventions for the Protection of War Victims (Geneva, 14–26 April 1947), ICRC, Geneva, 1947, available at https://library.icrc.org/library/Direct.aspx?noticenr=6929.

Draft Revised or New Conventions for the Protection of War Victims, established by the International Committee of the Red Cross with the assistance of government experts, National Red Cross Societies and other humanitarian associations, texts submitted to the XVIIth International Red Cross Conference (Stockholm, August 1948), ICRC, Geneva, May 1948, available at https://library.icrc.org/library/Direct.aspx?noticenr=6933.

Sténogramme des séances de la Commission juridique, XVIIe Conférence internationale de la Croix-Rouge (Stockholm, août 1948), ICRC, Geneva, January 1949, available at https://library.icrc.org/library/Direct.aspx?noticenr=18382.

Addenda aux projets de Conventions révisées ou nouvelles protégeant les victimes de la guerre, Rapport du Comité internationale de la Croix-Rouge (Sous point III de l’ordre du jour de la Commission juridique), XVIIe Conférence internationale de la Croix-Rouge (Stockholm, août 1948), No. 4bis, ICRC, Geneva, August 1948, available at https://library.icrc.org/library/Direct.aspx?noticenr=6931.

Revised and New Draft Conventions for the Protection of War Victims: Texts Approved and Amended by the XVIIth International Red Cross Conference (Stockholm, August 1948), ICRC, Geneva, 1948, available at https://library.icrc.org/library/Direct.aspx?noticenr=6979.

Revised and New Draft Conventions for the Protection of War Victims: Remarks and Proposals Submitted by the International Committee of the Red Cross, Document for the consideration of Governments invited by the Swiss Federal Council to attend the Diplomatic Conference at Geneva (21 April 1949), ICRC, Geneva, February 1949, available at https://library.icrc.org/library/Direct.aspx?noticenr=6981.

Sténogrammes de la Conférence diplomatique de Genève 1949, available at https://library.icrc.org/library/Direct.aspx?searchfield=t&searchterm=Conf%C3%A9rence%20diplomatique%201949%20:%20st%C3%A9nogrammes.

Final Record of the Diplomatic Conference of Geneva of 1949, convened by the Swiss Federal Council for the establishment of international conventions for the protection of war Victims and held at Geneva from 21 April to 12 August 1949, 4 volumes (Vol. I: Final and draft texts, resolutions, texts of other Geneva and Hague Conventions, Vol. II-A: Minutes of plenary meetings, summary records of meetings, reports, Vol. II-B: Summary records of meetings, reports to the plenary assembly, Vol. III: Annexes for all of the Geneva Conventions, index of speakers), Federal Political Department, Bern, 1950, available at https://library.icrc.org/library/Direct.aspx?noticenr=2253.

Report on the Work of the Conference of Government Experts on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts, First Session (Geneva, 24 May–12 June 1971), 8 volumes, ICRC, Geneva, August 1971, available at https://librry.icrc.org/library/Direct.aspx?noticenr=9173.

Report on the Work of the Conference of Government Experts on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts, Second Session (Geneva, 3 May–3 June 1972), 2 volumes, ICRC, Geneva, July 1972, available at https://library.icrc.org/library/Direct.aspx?noticenr=9297.

Draft Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949, Commentary, ICRC, Geneva, October 1973, available at https://library.icrc.org/library/Direct.aspx?noticenr=9349.

Official Records of the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts (Geneva, 1974–1977), 17 volumes, Federal Political Department, Bern, 1978, available at https://library.icrc.org/library/Direct.aspx?noticenr=2374.

Declaration Respecting Maritime Law, Paris, 16 April 1856.

Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field, Geneva, 22 August 1864.

Declaration Renouncing the Use, in Time of War, of Explosive Projectiles Under 400 Grammes Weight, St Petersburg, 29 November–11 December 1868.

Additional Articles relating to the Condition of the Wounded in War, Geneva, 20 October 1868.

Convention (I) for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, The Hague, 29 July 1899.

Convention (II) with Respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land, The Hague, 29 July 1989.

Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land, annexed to Convention (II) with Respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land, The Hague, 29 July 1899.

Convention (III) for the Adaptation to Maritime Warfare of the Principles of the Geneva Convention of 22 August 1864, The Hague, 29 July 1899.

Convention for the Exemption of Hospital Ships, in Time of War, from the Payment of all Dues and Taxes Imposed for the Benefit of the State, The Hague, 21 December 1904.

Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field, Geneva, 6 July 1906.

Convention (I) for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, The Hague, 18 October 1907.

Convention (III) relative to the Opening of Hostilities. The Hague, 18 October 1907.

Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, The Hague, 18 October 1907.

Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land, annexed to Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, The Hague, 18 October 1907.

Convention (V) respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, The Hague, 18 October 1907.

Convention (VI) relating to the Status of Enemy Merchant Ships at the Outbreak of Hostilities, The Hague, 18 October 1907.

Convention (VII) relating to the Conversion of Merchant Ships into War-Ships, The Hague, 18 October 1907.

Convention (VIII) relative to the Laying of Automatic Submarine Contact Mines, The Hague, 18 October 1907.

Hague Convention (IX) concerning Bombardment by Naval Forces in Time of War, The Hague, 18 October 1907.

Hague Convention (X) for the Adaptation to Maritime Warfare of the Principles of the Geneva Convention, The Hague, 18 October 1907.

Hague Convention (XI) relative to Certain Restrictions with regard to the Exercise of the Right of Capture in Naval War, The Hague, 18 October 1907.

Hague Convention (XII) relative to the Creation of an International Prize Court, The Hague, 18 October 1907.

Hague Convention (XIII) concerning the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers in Naval War, The Hague, 18 October 1907.

Declaration concerning the Laws of Naval War, London, 26 February 1909.

Agreement between France and Germany concerning Prisoners of War, Bern, 15 March 1918, Bulletin international des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge, Vol. 49, No. 194, April 1918, pp. 265–279.

Second Agreement between France and Germany concerning Prisoners of War and Civilians, Bern, 26 April 1918, Bulletin international des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge, Vol. 49, No. 195, July 1918, pp. 396–418.

Covenant of the League of Nations, Geneva, 28 April 1919.

Convention between the Allied Forces and Germany Prolonging the Armistice Agreement of 11 November 1918, Trier, 16 January 1919, reproduced in American Journal of International Law, Vol. 13, No. 4, 1919, Supplement, pp. 388–392.

Treaty of Versailles, Versailles, 28 June 1919.

Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, Geneva, 17 June 1925.

Convention on Duties and Rights of States in the Event of Civil Strife, adopted at the Sixth International Conference of American States, Havana, 20 February 1928.

Convention on Maritime Neutrality, adopted at the Sixth International Conference of American States, Havana, 20 February 1928.

Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field, Geneva, 27 July 1929.

Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 27 July 1929.

Convention on the Rights and Duties of States, Montevideo, 26 December 1933.

Procès-verbal relating to the Rules of Submarine Warfare set forth in Part IV of the Treaty of London of 22 April 1930, London, 6 November 1936.

Convention on International Civil Aviation, Chicago, 7 December 1944, as amended by the Protocol relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, Montreal, 10 May 1984.

Charter of the International Military Tribunal for Germany, concluded by the Government of the United States of America, the Provisional Government of the French Republic, the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, acting in the interests of all the United Nations and by their representatives duly authorized thereto, annexed to the London Agreement, London, 8 August 1945.

Charter of the United Nations, adopted by the Conference on International Organizations, San Francisco, 26 June 1945.

Statute of the International Court of Justice, San Francisco, 26 June 1945.

Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers on the one part and Bulgaria on the other part, Paris, 10 February 1947, United Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 41, No. 643, 1949.

Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers on the one part and Finland on the other part, Paris, 10 February 1947, United Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 48, No. 746, 1950.

Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers on the one part and Hungary on the other part, Paris, 10 February 1947, United Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 41, No. 644, 1949.

Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers on the one part and Italy on the other part, Paris, 10 February 1947, United Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 49, No. 747, 1950.

Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers on the one part and Romania on the other part, Paris, 10 February 1947, United Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 42, No. 645, 1949.

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, adopted by the UN General Assembly, Res. 260 A (III), 9 December 1948.

Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, Geneva, 12 August 1949.

Convention (II) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea, Geneva, 12 August 1949.

Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949.

Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949.

European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Rome, 4 November 1950, as amended by Protocol No. 11, Strasbourg, 11 May 1994.

Treaty of Peace signed between the Allied Powers and Japan, San Francisco, 8 September 1951.

Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, adopted by the UN Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Status of Refugees and Stateless Persons convened pursuant to UN General Assembly Res. 429 (V), Geneva, 28 July 1951, as amended by the 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees, approved by the UN Economic and Social Council, Res. 1186 (XLI), 18 November 1966, and taken note of by the UN General Assembly, Res. 2198 (XXI), 16 December 1966.

Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, The Hague, 14 May 1954.

Protocol for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, The Hague, 14 May 1954.

Joint Declaration by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Japan concerning the restoration of diplomatic relations between the two countries, Moscow, 19 October 1956.

The United Nations Convention on the High Seas, Geneva, 29 April 1958, United Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 450, No. 6465, 1963.

Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, adopted by the UN Conference on Diplomatic Intercourse and Immunities, Vienna, 18 April 1961.

Protocol No. 4 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, securing certain rights and freedoms other than those already included in the Convention and in the first Protocol thereto, Strasbourg, 16 September 1963.

Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, Vienna, 24 April 1963.

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, adopted by the UN General Assembly, Res. 2106 A (XX), 21 December 1965.

Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic, London, 9 April 1965, amended in 2002 and 2005.

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted by the UN General Assembly, Res. 2200 A (XXI), 16 December 1966.

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, adopted by the UN General Assembly, Res. 2200 A (XXI), 16 December 1966.

Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity, adopted by the UN General Assembly, Res. 2391 (XXIII), 26 November 1968.

American Convention on Human Rights (also known as Pact of San José), adopted by the OAS Inter-American Specialized Conference on Human Rights, San José, 22 November 1969, United Nations Treaty Series, No. I 17955.

OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, adopted by the Sixth Ordinary Session of the OAU Assembly of Heads of State and Government, Addis Ababa, 10 September 1969.

Convention on the Law of Treaties, Vienna, 23 May 1969.

International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, London, 23 June 1969.

Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, The Hague, 16 December 1970.

Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, Montreal, 23 September 1971.

Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, opened for signature at London, Moscow and Washington, D.C., 10 April 1972.

Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, London, 20 October 1972.

Convention on Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents, adopted by the UN General Assembly, Res. 3166 (XVIII), 14 December 1973.

International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, London, 2 November 1973.

European Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes, Strasbourg, 25 January 1974.

International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, London, 1 November 1974, United Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 1184, No. 18961, 1980, last amended in 2014 by MSC.386(94).

Protocol additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), Geneva, 8 June 1977.

Protocol additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 8 June 1977.

Framework for Peace in the Middle East agreed at Camp David, Washington D.C., 17 September 1978, United Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 1138, No. 17853, 1979.

Vienna Convention on Succession of States in respect of Treaties, Vienna, 23 August 1978.

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, adopted by the UN General Assembly, Res. 34/180, 18 December 1979.

International Convention against the Taking of Hostages, adopted by the UN General Assembly, Res. 34/146, 17 December 1979.

Treaty of Peace between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the State of Israel, Washington, D.C., 26 March 1979, United Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 1136, No. 17813, 1979.

International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, Hamburg, 27 April 1979, United Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 1405, No. 23489, 1985, last amended in 2004 by MSC.155(78).

Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, Geneva, 10 October 1980.

African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, adopted by the 18th Ordinary Session of the OAU Assembly of Heads of State and Government, Nairobi, 27 June 1981, OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/67/3 rev.5.

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Montego Bay, 10 December 1982, UN Doc. A/CONF.62/122.

Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, adopted by the UN General Assembly, Res. 39/46, 10 December 1984.

Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture, adopted by the 15th Regular Session of the OAS General Assembly, Res. 783 (XV-O/85), Cartagena de Indias, 9 December 1985.

Convention on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations or between International Organizations, Vienna, 21 March 1986.

European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Strasbourg, 26 November 1987.

Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted by the UN General Assembly, Res. 44/25, 20 November 1989.

International Convention on Salvage, London, 28 April 1989, United Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 1953, No. 33479, 1996.

Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights aiming at the Abolition of the Death Penalty, adopted by the UN General Assembly, Res. 44/128, 15 December 1989.

Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty, adopted by the 20th Regular Session of the OAS General Assembly at Asunción, 8 June 1990, OAS Treaty Series, No. 73, 1990.

Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel, adopted by the UN General Assembly, Res. 49/59, 9 December 1994.

Treaty of peace between the State of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Arava/Araba Crossing Point, 26 October 1994, United Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 2042, No. 35325, 2002.

General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Annex 7, Agreement on Refugees and Displaced Persons, signed by the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska, Dayton, 22 November 1995.

General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, initialled at Dayton, 21 November 1995, signed at Paris, 14 December 1995.

Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, Vienna, 13 October 1995.

Agreement on Normalization of Relations between the Republic of Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Belgrade, 23 August 1996.

Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices, as amended, to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, Geneva, 3 May 1996.

International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings, New York, 15 December 1997, United Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 2149, No. 37517, 2003.

Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction, Ottawa, 18 September 1997.

Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, adopted by the UN Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court, Rome, 17 July 1998, UN Doc. A/CONF.183/9.

International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, New York, 9 December 1999, adopted by the UN General Assembly, Res. 54/109, Annex, United Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 2178, No. 38349, 2004.

Second Protocol for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, The Hague, 26 March 1999.

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict, adopted by the UN General Assembly, Res. 54/263, 25 May 2000, Annex I.

Agreement between the Government of the State of Eritrea and the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia for the resettlement of displaced persons, as well as rehabilitation and peacebuilding in both countries (also known as Algiers Agreement), Algiers, 12 December 2000, United Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 2138, No. I-37274.

United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, New York, 15 November 2000, adopted by the UN General Assembly, Res. 54/263, Annex I, United Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 2225, No. 39574, 2007.

Amendment to Article 1 of the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, Geneva, 21 December 2001.

Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, Paris, 2 November 2001, United Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 2562, No. 45694, 2009.

Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, adopted by the UN General Assembly, Res. 57/199, 18 December 2002.

Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone, annexed to the Agreement between the United Nations and the Government of Sierra Leone on the Establishment of a Special Court for Sierra Leone, Freetown, 16 January 2002, annexed to Letter dated 6 March 2002 from the UN Secretary-General to the President of the UN Security Council, UN Doc. S/2002/246, 8 March 2002, p. 29.

United Nations Convention against Corruption, New York, 31 October 2003, adopted by the UN General Assembly, Res. 58/4, Annex, United Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 2349, No. 42146, 2007.

Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, Geneva, 28 November 2003.

Protocol additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Adoption of an Additional Distinctive Emblem (Protocol III), Geneva, 8 December 2005.

International Convention for the Protection of all Persons from Enforced Disappearance, adopted by the UN General Assembly, Res. 61/177, 20 December 2006, Annex.

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adopted by the UN General Assembly, Res. 61/106, 13 December 2006, Annex I.

Statute of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon, attached to the Agreement between the United Nations and the Lebanese Republic on the establishment of a Special Tribunal for Lebanon annexed to UN Security Council Res. 1757, 30 May 2007.

Agreement between the United Nations and the African Union and the Government of Sudan concerning the Status of the African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur, Khartoum, 9 February 2008.

Convention on Cluster Munitions, Dublin, 30 May 2008.

International Maritime Organization, Principles Relating to Administrative Procedures for Disembarking Persons Rescued at Sea, FAL.3/Circ.194, 22 January 2009.

Arms Trade Treaty, New York, 2 April 2013.

Statute of the Extraordinary African Chambers within the courts of Senegal created to prosecute international crimes committed in Chad between 7 June 1982 and 1 December 1990, annexed to the Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Senegal and the African Union on the Establishment of Extraordinary African Chambers within the Senegalese Judicial System, Dakar, 22 August 2012.

African Charter on Maritime Security and Safety and Development in Africa (Lomé Charter), Lomé, 15 October 2016.

Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field, prepared by Francis Lieber, promulgated as General Orders No. 100 by President Abraham Lincoln, Washington D.C., 24 April 1863.

Project of an International Declaration concerning the Laws and Customs of War, Brussels, 27 August 1874.

The Laws of War on Land, Manual adopted by the Institute of International Law, Oxford, 9 September 1880.

The Laws of Naval War Governing the Relations between Belligerents, Manual adopted by the Institute of International Law, Oxford, 9 August 1913.

Report submitted to the Preliminary Conference of Versailles by the Commission on Responsibility of the Authors of the War and on Enforcement of Penalties, Versailles, 29 March 1919.

Rules concerning the Control of Wireless Telegraphy in Time of War and Air Warfare, Part II, drafted by a Commission of Jurists, The Hague, December 1922–February 1923.

Inter-Allied Declaration on Punishment for War Crimes, establishing the United Nations War Crimes Commission, London, 13 January 1942.

Declaration concerning Atrocities, made at the Moscow Conference, signed by the United States of America, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and China, Moscow, 30 October 1943.

Principles of International Law Recognized in the Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal and in the Judgment of the Tribunal, adopted by the International Law Commission, UN Doc. A/1316, New York, 29 July 1950.

Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary, adopted by the Seventh United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Milan, 26 August–6 September 1985, UN Doc. A/CONF.121/22/Rev.1, 1985, p. 59, endorsed by UN General Assembly Res. 40/32, 29 November 1985, and Res. 40/146, 13 December 1985.

Statutes of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, adopted by the 25th International Conference of the Red Cross, Geneva, 23–31 October 1986, as amended in 1995 and 2006.

Regulations on the Use of the Emblem of the Red Cross or the Red Crescent by the National Societies, adopted by the 20th International Conference of the Red Cross, Vienna, 1965, and revised by the Council of Delegates, Budapest, 1991.

Memorandum of Understanding on the Application of International Humanitarian Law between Croatia and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Geneva, 27 November 1991, reproduced in Michèle Mercier, Crimes without Punishment: Humanitarian Action in Former Yugoslavia, East Haven, London, 1996, Appendix: Document IV, pp. 196–198.

Cotonou Peace Agreement on Liberia between the Interim Government of National Unity of Liberia (IGNU) of the first part and the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) of the second part and the United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy (ULIMO) of the third part, Cotonou, 25 July 1993, annexed to Letter dated 6 August 1993 from the Chargé d’affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of Benin to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General, UN Doc. S/26272, 9 August 1993.

Statute of the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991, adopted by UN Security Council Res. 827, 25 May 1993, as amended by Res. 1166, 13 May 1998, and Res. 1329, 30 November 2000.

Comprehensive Agreement on Human Rights between the Government of the Republic of Guatemala and the Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca, Mexico City, 29 March 1994, annexed to Letter dated 8 April 1994 from the UN Secretary-General to the President of the UN General Assembly and to the President of the UN Security Council, UN Doc. A/48/928-S/1994/448, 19 April 1994, Annex I.

Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan citizens responsible for genocide and other such violations committed in the territory of neighbouring States between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1994, adopted by UN Security Council Res. 955, 8 November 1994, as amended by Res. 1165, 30 April 1998, Res. 1329, 30 November 2000, Res. 1411, 17 May 2002 and 1431, 14 August 2002.

San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflicts at Sea, Louise Doswald-Beck (ed.), 12 June 1994, Prepared by international lawyers and naval experts convened by the International Institute of Humanitarian Law, Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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Promulgation No. 52 of 2007: A Promulgation to enable effect to be given to certain Conventions done at Geneva on 12 August 1949 and to the Protocols additional to those Conventions done at Geneva on 8 June 1977, and 8 December 2005, and for related purposes, Republic of Fiji Islands Government Gazette Extraordinary, Vol. 7, No. 100, 29 December 2007, amended as Geneva Conventions (Amendment) Promulgation 2009.

Penal Code, Act No. 39/1889, 19 December 1889; as amended by Act No. 212/2008, Chapter 11, War crimes and crimes against humanity (Laki rikoslain muuttamisesta), 11 April 2008, published in Suomen säädöskokoelma, 17 April 2008, pp. 525–530.

Loi no 92-683 du 22 juillet 1992 portant réforme des dispositions générales du code pénal (Law reforming the general provisions of the Penal Code), 22 July 1992, published in Journal officiel de la République française, No. 169, 23 July 1992 p. 9864, NOR: JUSX8900136L;

as further amended in 1992 and 1993 and amended by Loi no 2010-930 du 9 août 2010 portant adaptation du droit pénal à l’institution de la Cour pénale internationale (Law adapting criminal law to the establishment of the International Criminal Court), 9 August 2010, published in Journal officiel de la République française, No. 183, 10 August 2010, p. 14678, NOR: JUSX0500268L.

Code de justice militaire (Code of Military Justice), 21 July 1982, as amended on 11 November 2012.

Law No. 902 on the Red Cross and Red Crescent emblem and designation, 2 October 1997, published in Parlamentis Utskebani, No. 43, 30 October 1997, pp. 8–10.

Criminal Code, 22 July 1999, as amended on 14 August 2003 by the Law of Georgia on Amendments to the Criminal Code of Georgia.

Gesetz über Ordnungswidrigkeiten (OWiG) (Code of Administrative Offences), 24 May 1968, published in Bundesgesetzblatt (BGBl.), Part I, No. 33, 30 May 1968, pp. 481–502.

Gesetz über das Deutsche Rote Kreuz und andere freiwillige Hilfsgesellschaften im Sinne der Genfer Rotkreuz-Abkommen (DRK-Gesetz – DRKG) (Act on the German Red Cross and other voluntary societies as defined in the Geneva Conventions), 5 December 2008, published in Bundesgesetzblatt (BGBl.), Part I, No. 56, 10 December 2008, p. 2346.

Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (Civil Code), 18 August 1896, amended several times.

Geneva Conventions Act, 780th Act of Parliament, 6 January 2009, published in Official Gazette.

Ley de protección y uso del Emblema de la Cruz Roja (Law on protection and use of the Red Cross Emblem), 4 November 1997, Decreto número 102-97 del Congreso de la República, published in Diario de Centro América, No. 78, 18 November 1997, pp. 2562–2566;

as amended by Decreto número 27-2011 : reformas al Decreto número 102-97 del Congreso de la República, Ley de protección y uso del emblema de la Cruz Roja (Decree amending Decree No. 102-97 on protection and use of the Red Cross Emblem), 8 December 2011, published in Diario de Centro América, No. 40, 8 December 2011, pp. 1–2.

Loi L/95010/CTRN portant usage et protection de l’emblème et du nom de la Croix-Rouge guinéenne (Law on the use and protection of the emblem and name of the Guinean Red Cross), 9 May 1995, published in Journal Officiel, No. 10, 25 May 1995, pp. 494–660.

Presidential Decree on the Haitian Red Cross Society, 6 October 1953, published in Statuts de la Croix Rouge haitienne, Mars 1954.

Geneva Conventions Act, 1960, An Act to enable effect to be given to certain international Conventions done at Geneva on the twelfth day of August, 1949, to which India is a party, and for purposes connected therewith, Act No. 6 of 1960, 12 March 1960, published in Gazette of India, No. 7, 12 March 1960, pp. 208–215.

Act No. 1 of 1946 regarding the Revision of the Penal Code, 26 February 1946, published in Yogyakarta on 26 February 1946, State Gazette 1946, No. 1, pp. 1–7.

Law No. 10/2005 establishing the Supreme Iraqi Criminal Tribunal, 9 October 2005, published in Al-Waqa’i Al-Iraqiya, No. 4006, Year 47, 18 October 2005. Further to the promulgation of this law, the Elements of Crimes for the Supreme Iraqi Criminal Tribunal were adopted.

Geneva Conventions Act, 1962, An Act to enable effect to be given so far as Ireland is concerned to certain provisions of the Conventions done at Geneva on the 12th day of August, 1949, relative to the amelioration of the condition of the wounded and sick in armed forces in the field, the amelioration of the condition of wounded and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea, the treatment of prisoners of war, and the protection of civilian persons in time of war, Act No. 11 of 21 April 1962, published in The Acts of the Oireachtas passed in the year 1962, pp. 114–487;

as amended by an Act to enable effect to be given to the Protocols additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 adopted at Geneva on 8 June 1977 and for that purpose to amend the Geneva Conventions Act, 1962, the Red Cross Acts, 1938 to 1954, and section 1 of the Prisoners of War and Enemy Aliens Act, 1956, and to provide for connected matters, Act No. 35 of 13 July 1998, published in The Acts of the Oireachtas passed in the year 1998, pp. 827–908.

International Criminal Court Act : an act to provide for the punishment by courts in the State and by courts-martial of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other offences within the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, which was established under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, done at Rome on 17 July 1998 ; to enable effect to be given to requests by that Court for assistance in the investigation or prosecution of those offences, including requests to arrest and surrender persons, to freeze assets and to enforce any fines or forfeitures imposed by it ; to make provision in relation to any sittings of the Court that may be held in the State ; and to provide for related matters, 31 October 2006, published in Act of the Oireachtas, No. 30 of 2006.

Act 127 on Trademark, 13 April 1959.

Amended Law of the Jordan Red Crescent Society for the Year 2009, 4 January 2009, published in Official Gazette, No. 3/2009.

The Geneva Conventions Act, An Act of Parliament to enable effect to be given to certain International Conventions done at Geneva on the 12th August 1949, and for purposes incidental thereto, Act No. 51 of 19 November 1968, published in The Acts 1968, No. 51 of 1968, pp. 519ff.

International Crimes Act: an act of Parliament to make provision for the punishment of certain international crimes, namely genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, and to enable Kenya to co-operate with the International Criminal Court established by the Rome Statute in the performance of its functions, 24 December 2008.

An Act to establish the Liberian National Red Cross Society, 21 August 2008.

Lietuvos Raudonojo Kryžiaus draugijos, Raudonojo Kryžiaus ir Raudonojo Pusmenulio emblemos ir pavadinimo istatymas (Law on the Lithuanian Red Cross Society, the Red Cross and Red Crescent emblems and name), No. VIII-1978, 10 October 2000, published in Valstybės žinios, No. 89-2744, 2000.

Geneva Conventions Act: an act to enable effect to be given to certain International Conventions done at Geneva on the twelfth day of August, one thousand nine hundred and forty-nine and for purposes connected therewith, 9 August 1967, published in Official Gazette, Laws of Malawi, Chapter 12:03, pp. 1–134.

Geneva Conventions Act, Act No. 5 of 1962: An Act to enable effect to be given to certain international conventions done at Geneva on the twelfth day of August, nineteen hundred and forty nine, and for purposes connected therewith, 16 April 1962, published in Gazette, Vol. VI, No. 4, 24 February 1962, p. 19.

Trade Marks Regulations, 13 August 1997, published in Official Gazette, 16 November 1997.

Loi no 9/018 relative à l’utilisation et à la protection de l’emblème et du nom de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge au Mali (Law on the use and protection of the emblem and name of the Red Cross and the Red Crescent in Mali), 26 June 2009.

Code de justice militiare (Code of Military Justice), Law no 95-042/AN-RM, 20 April 1995.

Socjetà Maltija tas-Salib l-Ahmar (Malta Red Cross Society Act), Act VI of 1992, 1 December 1998, as amended in 2007.

Codigo de Justicia Militar (Code of Military Justice), 28 August 1933, as amended in 2013, published in Diario oficial de la Federación, 31 August 1933.

Zakon o upotrebi i zaštiti znaka i naziva Crvenog krsta (Law on the Use and Protection of the Emblem and Name of the Red Cross), 14 December 2010.

Geneva Conventions Act, 2003, Act to give effect to certain Conventions done at Geneva on 12 August 1949 and to certain Protocols additional to those Conventions done at Geneva on 10 June 1977; and to provide for matters relating thereto, Act No. 15, 28 November 2003, published in Government Gazette of the Republic of Namibia, No. 3109, 18 December 2003.

International Crimes and International Criminal Court Act, 6 September 2000, as amended in 2012.

Geneva Conventions Act, Act No. 19, 1958: An act to enable effect to be given to certain International Conventions done at Geneva on the twelfth day of August, nineteen hundred and forty-nine and to certain Protocols additional to those Conventions, and for purposes connected therewith, 18 September 1958, as amended in 2012.

Wet van 19 juni 2003, houdende regels met betrekking tot ernstige schendingen van het internationaal humanitair recht (Law of 19 June 2003, Containing Rules on Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law), 19 June 2003, published in Official Gazette of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, No. 270, 2003, 13 p.

Ley n° 418 de Protección y Uso del Nombre y del Emblema de la Cruz Roja (Law on the Protection and Use of the Name and Emblem of the Red Cross), 26 February 2002, published in La Gaceta: Diario Oficial, No. 57, 22 March 2002, pp. 1995–1998.

Loi n° 61-27 du 15 juillet 1961, portant institution du Code pénal (Law instituting the Penal Code), 15 July 1961, published in Journal officiel, 15 November 1961;

as amended in 2003 by Loi n° 2003-25 du 13 juin 2003 modifiant la loi n° 61-27 du 15 juillet 1961, portant institution du Code pénal (Law amending Law No. 61-27 instituting the Penal Code), published in Journal officiel spécial, No. 4, 7 April 2004.

Loi No. 2003-010 du 11 mars 2003, portant Code de justice militiare (Code of Military Justice), 11 March 2003, published in Official Journal of the Republic of Niger, No. 6, 5 May 2003, pp. 357–381.

Geneva Conventions Act, 1960, An Act to enable effect to be given in the Federal Republic of Nigeria to certain international conventions done at Geneva on the twelfth day of August, nineteen hundred and forty-nine and for purposes connected therewith, Act No. 54 of 30 September 1960, published in Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, Revised edition, Vol. IX, CAP. 162, 1990, pp. 6265–6280.

Lov 1902-05-22 nr. 10: Almindelig borgerlig Straffelov (General Civil Penal Code), 22 May 1902, as amended in 2005.

Geneva Conventions Act, An act entitled Geneva Conventions Act 1975, being an Act to give effect in Papua New Guinea, as far as possible, to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, undated?.

Red Cross and Other Emblems Act of 2013, An Act defining the use and protection of the red cross, red crescent, and red crystal emblems, providing penalties for violations thereof and for other purposes, Republic Act No. 10530, 7 May 2013.

Penal Code, 6 June 1997, published in Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland, No. 88, 2 August 1997, item No. 553, pp. 2677–2716.

Law no. 9 of 2002 on trademarks, commercial indications, trade names, geographical indications and industrial designs, 15 June 2002.

Law No. 25 on the Incorporation of the Republic of Korea National Red Cross, 30 April 1949, as amended in 4 December 1987.

Уголовный кодекс Российской Федерации № 63-ФЗ от 13.06.1996 (Criminal Code), 13 June 1996, as amended in 2009.

Zakon o upotrebi i zaštiti znaka i naziva Crvenog krsta (Law on the Use and Protection of the Emblem and Name of the Red Cross), 27 September 1996.

The Geneva Conventions (Amendment) Act, 12 November 2007, published in Government Gazette, No. 51 of 14 December 2007.

Singapore Red Cross Society (Incorporation) Act, An Act to incorporate the Singapore Red Cross, Act No. 16 of 1973, 28 March 1973, published in Government Gazette (Acts Supplement), No. 12, 3 April 1973, p. 285.

Implementation of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Act No. 27 of 2002, Act to provide for a framework to ensure the effective implementation of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in South Africa; to ensure that South Africa conforms with its obligations set out in the Statute; to provide for the crime of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes; to provide for the prosecution in South African courts of persons accused of having committed the said crimes in South Africa and beyond the borders of South Africa in certain circumstances; to provide for the arrest of persons accused of having committed the said crimes and their surrender to the said Court in certain circumstances; to provide for cooperation by South Africa with the said Court; and to provide for matters connected therewith, , 12 July 2002, published in Government Gazette, Vol. 445, No. 23642, 18 July 2002.

South African Red Cross Society and Legal Protection of Certain Emblems Act, Act No. 10 of 2007, Act to provide statutory recognition for the South African Red Cross Society; and to provide statutory protection for certain emblems; and to provide for matters connected therewith, 9 August 2007, published in Government Gazette, Vol. 506, No. 30178, 16 August 2007.

Implementation of the Geneva Conventions Act, Act No. 8 of 2012, Act to enact the Geneva Conventions and Protocols additional to those Conventions into law; to ensure prevention and punishment of grave breaches and other breaches of the Conventions and Protocols; and to provide for matters connected therewith, 11 July 2012, published in Government Gazette, Vol. 565, No. 35513, 12 July 2012.

Ley Orgánica 13/1985, de 9 de diciembre, del Código Penal Militar (Military Penal Code) 9 December 1985, amended by Ley Orgánica 11/1995 of 27 November 1995 abolishing the death penalty in time of war, published in Boletín Oficial del Estado, No. 296, 11 December 1985.

Ley orgánica 1/2014, de modificación de la Ley orgánica 6/1985 del Poder Judicial relativa a la justicia universal (Organic Law 1/2014 Modifying the Organic Law 6/1985 of the Judicial Power on universal jurisdiction), 13 March 2014.

Geneva Conventions Act, Act No. 4 of 2006, An Act to give effect to the First, Second, Third and Fourth Geneva Conventions on Armed Conflict and Humanitarian Law; and to provide for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto, 26 February 2006, published as a Supplement to Part II of the Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, 3 March 2006.

Lag om skydd för kännetecken i den internationella humanitära rätten (Act on the protection of the emblems under international humanitarian law), 19 June 2014.

Code pénal suisse (Swiss Penal Code), RS 311.0, 21 December 1937, published in Recueil officiel des lois fédérales, 1938, pp. 781–876;

taking into account amendments up to Ordonnance du 12 décembre 2008 sur l’adaptation des dispositions légales suite au transfert des unités de renseignements du Service d’analyse et de prévention au DDPS (Département fédéral de la défense, de la protection de la population et des sports) (Ordinance of 12 December 2008 on the Adaptation of Legal Provisions Following the Transfer of Instruction Units of the Analysis and Prevention Service of the DDPS (Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport)), published in Recueil officiel des lois fédérales, 2008, pp. 6261–6268.

Code pénal militaire (Military Penal Code), 13 June 1927, as amended in 2007, published in Recueil systématique du droit fédéral, No. 321.0.

Law on the use and protection of the Red Cross and Red Crescent emblems and appellations in the Republic of Tajikistan, Law No. 26, 12 May 2001.

The Red Cross Act, B.E. 2499, 1 August 1956, published in Government Gazette, Vol. 63, No. 73, 14 August 1956, pp. 924–929.

Décret n° 57-9 du 10 janvier 1957 portant promulgation du code de justice militaire (Code of Military Justice), 10 January 1957, as amended in 2011, published in Journal officiel de la République Tunisienne, No. 4, 11 January 1957, p. 34.

Geneva Conventions Act, An Act to enable effect to be given to certain international conventions done at Geneva on the twelfth day of August, one thousand nine hundred and forty-nine and for purposes connected therewith, 16 October 1964.

The Penal Code (Exclusive Use of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Emblems) Order, 1993 (under section 165 of the Penal Code), as published in Uganda Gazette, No. 1, Vol. LXXXVI, 8 January 1993.

Geneva Conventions Act, 1957, an Act to enable effect to be given to certain international conventions done at Geneva on the twelfth day of August, nineteen hundred and forty-nine, and for purposes connected therewith (Chapter 52), 31 July 1957, published in The Public General Acts and Church Assembly Measures of 1957, pp. 543–682 (also applicable to Fiji, Gambia, Kiribati, Solomon Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and Tuvalu);

amended by the Geneva Conventions (Amendments) Act, 1995, an Act to make provision for the amendment of the Geneva Conventions Act 1957 to enable effect to be given to the Protocols additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 done at Geneva on 10 June 1977; and for connected purposes (Chapter 27), 19 July 1995, published in The Public General Acts and General Synod Measures 1995, 1997, pp. 1854–1920;

as amended by the Geneva Conventions and United Nations Personnel (Protocols) Act, 2009, an Act to amend the Geneva Conventions Act 1957 so as to give effect to the Protocol additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 done on 8 December 2005; and to amend the United Nations Personnel Act 1997 so as to give effect to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 8 December 2005 (Chapter 6), 2 July 2009.

International Criminal Court Act, 2001, an Act to give effect to the Statute of the International Criminal Court; to provide for offences under the law of England and Wales and Northern Ireland corresponding to offences within the jurisdiction of that Court; and for connected purposes (Chapter 17), 11 May 2001, published in The Public General Acts and General Synod Measures 2001, 2001, pp. 1261–1340;

as amended by the International Criminal Court Act (Overseas Territories) Order 2009, 8 July 2009;

as amended by the Coroners and Justice Act, 2009, an Act to amend the law relating to coroners, to investigation of deaths and to certification and registration of deaths; to amend the criminal law; to make provision about criminal justice and about dealing with offenders; to make provision about the Commissioner for Victims and Witnesses; to make provision relating to the security of court and other buildings; to make provision about legal aid and about payments for legal services provided in connection with employment matters; to make provision for payments to be made by offenders in respect of benefits derived from the exploitation of material pertaining to offences; to amend the Data Protection Act 1998; and for connected purposes (Chapter 25), 12 November 2009.

Geneva Distinctive Emblems, United States Code, Title 18 – Crimes and Criminal Procedure, Part I – Crimes, Chapter 33 – Emblems, Insignia, and Names, section 706a, 25 June 1948.

Uniform Code of Military Justice, United States Code, Title 10 – Armed Forces, Subtitle A – General Military Law, Part II – Personnel, Chapter 47, sections 801–946, adopted 5 May 1950;

as amended by the John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007, an Act to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2007 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes, Public Law 109-364, 120 Stat. 2083, 17 October 2006, section 552.

Public Law 104-192 [H.R. 3680], an Act to amend title 18, United States Code, to carry out the international obligations of the United States under the Geneva Conventions to provide criminal penalties for certain war crimes, 21 August 1996, published in United States Code, Congressional and Administrative News, 104th Congress, X Session 1996, Vol. XX, 1996–1997, 110 Stat. p. 2104;

as amended by the Expanded War Crimes Act of 1997, an Act to amend title 18, United States Code, relating to war crimes, 105th Congress, 1st Session, 26 November 1997, Public Law 105-18 Title V, section 583, 111 Stat. 2436;

as amended by the Military Commissions Act of 2006, 17 October 2006, 18 United States Code, section 2441.

Geneva Distinctive Emblems Protection Act of 2006, an Act to amend title 18, United States Code, to prevent and repress the misuse of the Red Crescent distinctive emblem and the Third Protocol (Red Crystal) distinctive emblem, Public Law 109-481, 12 January 2007.

Geneva Conventions Act, 24 August 1982, amended in 1988, published in Laws of the Republic of Vanuatu, 1988, Chapter 150.

Código penal (Penal Code), 20 October 2000, published in Official Gazette, No. 5.494, Year 128, 32p.

Law on Red Cross Activities, adopted by the 3rd session of the XIIth parliamentary term of the National Assembly, No. 11/2008/QH12, 3 June 2008.

Law on Red Cross Activities, 3 June 2008.

Zambia Red Cross Society Act, 22 April 1966, as amended in 1994, published in The Laws of Zambia, 1966, Chapter 545.

Military Court at Rabaul, In re Ohashi and others, Judgment, 23 March 1946, summarized in Annual Digest and Reports of Public International Law Cases, Vol. 13, 1946, p. 383.

High Court of Australia, Republic of Croatia v. Daniel Snedden, HCA 14, Order, 30 March 2010.

Military Court at Rabaul, Trial of Tanaka Chuichi and two others, Judgment, 12 July 1946, summarized in Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. XI, 1949, p. 62.

Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Section I for War crimes, No. X-KRŽ-05/32, Verdict, 19 August 2008.

Cour d’Appel du Centre (Court of Appeals of the Centre Region), Ministère Public contre Théoneste Bagosora (Public Prosecutor v. Théoneste Bagosora), Case No. 433/COR, Judgment, 15 March 1996.

Supreme Court, Ell v. Alberta, Judgment, 26 June 2003, [2003] 1 S.C.R. (Supreme Court Reports) 857.

Quebec Superior Court, Criminal Division, Province of Quebec, Her Majesty the Queen v. Désiré Munyaneza, Case No. 500-73-002500-052, Judgment, 22 May 2009, R.J.Q. (Recueil de jurisprudence du Québec) 1432.

Constitutional Court, Sentencia C-225/95, Expediente No. L.A.T.-40, Constitutional revision of Additional Protocol II and the Law 171 of 16 December 1994 implementing this protocol, Judgment, 18 May 1995.

Constitutional Court, Plenary Chamber, Sentencia C-291/07 Judgment, 25 April 2007.

– High Court (Ostre Landsrets)

Prosecutor v. Refik Sarić, Case No. S-3396-94, Judgment, 25 November 1994, published in Ugeskrift for Retsvaesen, 1995, p. 838.

– Supreme Court (Hojesteret)

The Attorney General v. Refik Sarić, Case No. I 447/1994, Judgment, 15 August 1995, published in Ugeskrift for Retsvaesen, 1995, p. 838, reported in Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law, Vol. I, 1998, p. 431.

Permanent Military Tribunal at Metz, Trial of Alois and Anna Bommer and their daughters, Judgment, 19 February 1947, summarized in Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. IX, 1949, p. 62.

Permanent Military Tribunal at Strasbourg, In re Wagner and others, Judgment, 3 May 1946, summarized in Annual Digest and Reports of Public International Law Cases, Vol. 13, 1946, p. 385.

Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht), Order of the Second Senate (Zweiter Senat), 26 October 2004, 2 BvR 955/00, 1038/01.

Federal Prosecutor General at the Federal Court of Justice (Generalbundesanwalt beim Bundesgerichtshof), Investigation proceedings against Colonel (Oberst) Klein and Company Sergeant Major (Hauptfeldwebel) Wilhem because of suspected offences under the International Crimes Code and other offences (Ermittlungsverfahren gegen Oberst Klein und Hauptfeldwebel Wilhelm wegen des Verdachts einer Strafbarkeit nach dem VStGB und anderer Delikte), Case No. 3 BJs 6/10-4, Decision to Terminate Proceedings pursuant to section 170 para. 2 sentence 1 of the Penal Procedure Code (Einstellung des Verfahrens gemäß § 170 Abs. 2 Satz 1 StPO), 16 April 2010.

– Higher Regional Court of Düsseldorf (Oberlandesgericht Düsseldorf), Prosecution v. Maksim Sokolović, Case No. 2 StE 6/97, Judgment, 29 November 1999.

– Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof), Prosecution v. Maksim Sokolović, Case No. 3 StR 372/00, Judgment, 21 February 2001, published in Neue Juristische Wochenschrift, 2001, Vol. 37, p. 2728.

Federal Prosecutor General at the Federal Court of Justice, Aerial Drone Deployment on 4 October 2010 in Mir Ali, Pakistan, Case No. 3 BJs 7/12-4, Decision to Terminate Proceedings, 23 July 2013, published in International Law Reports, No. 157, pp. 722–761.

Supreme Court sitting as High Court of Justice, Jaber al Bassiouni al Ahmed and others v. Prime Minister and Minister of Defence of Israel, HCJ 9132/07, Judgment, 27 January 2008.

High Court, Al-Nawar v. Minister of Defence, Case H.C. 574/82, Judgment, 11 August 1985, summarized in Israel Yearbook on Human Rights, Vol. 16, 1986, pp. 321–328.

Supreme Court sitting as High Court of Justice, Physicians for Human Rights and others v. Prime Minister of Israel and others & Gisha Legal Centre for Freedom of Movement and others v. Minister of Defence, HCJ 201/09 & HCJ 248/09, Judgment, 19 January 2009.

Supreme Court, The Public Committee against Torture in Israel and others v. Government of Israel and others, HCJ 769/02, Judgment, 14 December 2006.

Supreme Court sitting as High Court of Justice, Leah Tzemel, Attorney, and others v. The Minister of Defence and Commander of the Antzar Camp, HCJ 593/82, Judgment, 13 July 1983, summarized in Israel Yearbook on Human Rights, Vol. 13, 1983, pp. 360–364.

– Military Tribunal of Rome, In re Hass and Priebke, Judgment in Trial of First Instance, No. 322, 22 July 1997, published in Rassegna della Giustizia Militare, Nos 1-2-3, 1999, p. 103.

– Military Appeals Court, In re Hass and Priebke, Judgment on Appeal, No. 24, 7 March 1998, published in Rassegna della Giustizia Militare, Nos 4-5-6, 1999, p. 25.

– Supreme Court of Cassation, In re Hass and Priebke, Judgment in Trial of Third Instance, No. 1295, 16 November 1998, published in Rassegna della Giustizia Militare, Nos 4-5-6, 1999, p. 145.

Military Tribunal of Rome, In re Kappler, Judgment, 20 July 1948, summarized in Annual Digest and Reports of Public International Law Cases, Vol. 15, 1948, p. 471.

– Military Tribunal of Rome, In re Priebke, Judgment in Trial of First Instance, No. 305, 1 August 1996, published in Rassegna della Giustizia Militare, Nos. 1-2-3, 1999, p. 27.

– Supreme Court of Cassation, In re Priebke, Judgment Cancelling Verdict of First Instance (Trial of Second Instance), 15 October 1996, published in Rassegna della Giustizia Militare, Nos 1-2-3, 1999, p. 79.

Temporary Court-Martial at Batavia, Trial of Washio Awochi, summarized in Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. XIII, 1949, p. 122.

– District Court (Rechtbank), The Hague, Mpambara case, Judgment, 23 March 2009, LJ number BK0520.

– Court of Appeal (Gerechtshof), The Hague, Mpambara case, Judgment, 7 July 2011, LJ Number BR0686.

– Special Court (War Criminals) at The Hague, In re Rauter, Judgment, 4 May 1948, published in Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. XIV, 1949, p. 88.

– Special Court of Cassation, In re Rauter, Judgment, 12 January 1949, summarized in Annual Digest and Reports of Public International Law Cases, Vol. 16, 1949, p. 526.

Supreme National Tribunal of Poland, Trial of Obersturmbannfürher Rudolf Franz Ferdinand Hoess, Judgment, 11–29 March 1947, summarized in Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. VII, 1948, p. 11.

High Court of Spain, Case No. 27/2007, Central Court of Instruction, Madrid, 17 March 2014.

Stockholm District Court (Stockholms tingsrätt), Case No. B 378716 (Haisam Omar Sakhanh), Judgment, 16 February 2017.

Federal Criminal Court, A. v. Ministère Public de la Confédération, B. and C., Judgment, 25 July 2012.

Military Tribunal at Lausanne, Prosecutor v. Goran Grabež, Judgment, 18 April 1997, published in American Journal of International Law, Vol. 92, 1998, p. 78.

Military Court at Almelo, Trial of Otto Sandrock and three others (aka ‘Almelo Trial’), Judgment, 24–26 November 1945, published in Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. I, 1947, p. 35.

High Court of Justice Divisional Court, Vincent Brown aka Vincent Bajinja and others v. The Government of Rwanda and the Secretary of State for the Home Department, Case No. CO/6247/2008, Judgment, 8 April 2009.

Military Court at Hamburg, Trial of Hans Eck and Four Others (The Peleus Trial), Judgment of 17–20 October 1945, summarized in Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. I, 1947, p. 1.

Military Court at Essen, The Essen Lynching Case, Judgment, 21–22 December 1945, summarized in Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. I, 1947, p. 88.

City of Westminster Magistrates’ Court, The Government of the Republic of Serbia v. Ejup Ganić, Judgment, 27 July 2010, [2010] EW Misc 11 (MC).

Military Court at Brunswick, Trial of Heinrich Gerike and seven others (aka ‘The Velpke Children’s Home case’), Trial, 20 March–3 April 1946, summarized in Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. VII, 1948, pp. 76–81.

House of Lords, Opinions of the Lords of Appeal for Judgment in the Cause, Jones (Respondent) v. Ministry of Interior Al-Mamlaka Al-Arabiya AS Saudiya (the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) (Appellants); Mitchell and others (Respondents) v. Al-Dali and others and Ministry of Interior Al-Mamlaka Al-Arabiya AS Saudiya (the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) (Appellants); Jones (Appellant) v. Ministry of Interior Al-Mamlaka Al-Arabiya AS Saudiya (the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) (Respondents) (Conjoined Appeals), Judgment, 14 June 2006, [2006] UKHL 26.

Military Court at Lüneburg, In re Kramer and others (aka ‘Auschwitz and Belsen concentration camps case’), Judgment, 17 November 1945, summarized in Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. II, 1947, p. 1.

High Court of Justice, Queen’s Bench Division, Divisional Court, The Queen (on the application of Maya Evans) v. Secretary of State for Defence, Case No. CO/11949/2008, Judgment, 25 June 2010.

Military Court at Wuppertal, Trial of Werner Rohde and eight others, Judgment, 29 May–1 June 1946, summarized in Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. V, 1948, p. 54.

–Judgment

High Court of Justice Queen’s Bench Division, Royal Courts of Justice, Serdar Mohammed and others v. Ministry of Defence, Case No. HQ12X03367, Judgment, 2 May 2014.

– Appeal Judgment

England and Wales Court of Appeal (Civil Division), Serdar Mohammed and others v. Ministry of Defence, Case Nos A2/2014/1862, A2/2014/4084 and A2/2014/4086, Judgment, 30 July 2015.

– Supreme Court Judgment

United Kingdom Supreme Court, Abd Ali Hameed Al-Waheed (Appellant) v. Ministry of Defence (Respondent); Serdar Mohammed (Respondent) v. Ministry of Defence (Appellant), [2017] UKSC 2, Judgment, 17 January 2017.

British Military Court at Hamburg, Case No. 54, Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, selected and prepared by the United Nations War Crimes Commission, Volume IX, pp. 75–82.

Military Court at Helmstedt, Trial of Georg Tyrolt and others, Trial, 20 May–24 June 1946, referenced in Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. VII, p. 81.

Military Court at Hamburg, Trial of Bruno Tesch and two others (aka ‘The Zyklon B case’), 1–8 March 1946, summarized in Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. I, 1947, p. 93.

Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, In re Altstötter and others (aka ‘The Justice Trial’), Judgment, 4 December 1947, summarized in Annual Digest and Reports of Public International Law Cases, Vol. 14, 1947, p. 278.

US Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit, Mukhtar Yahia Naji Al Warafi v. Barack Obama, Case No. 11-5276, Judgment, 24 May 2013.

US Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, John Demjanjuk v. Joseph Petrovsky and others, Case No. 85-3435, Judgment, 31 October 1985, published in Federal Reporter, Vol. 776, 1985, p. 571.

Military Commission at Rome, Trial of General Anton Dostler, Commander of the 75th German Army Corps, Judgment, 8–12 October 1945, summarized in Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. I, 1947, p. 22.

Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, In re Flick and others (aka ‘The Flick case’), Judgment, 22 December 1947, summarized in Annual Digest and Reports of Public International Law Cases, Vol. 14, 1947, p. 266.

Military Commission in Wiesbaden, Trial of Alfons Klein and six others (aka ‘The Hadamar Trial’), 8–15 October 1945, summarized in Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. I, 1947, p. 46.

– Government Brief on the Merits, Brief for Respondents, submitted 23 February 2006.

– Supreme Court, Salim Ahmed Hamdan, Petitioner v. Donald H. Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense, and others, Judgment, 29 June 2006, 548 US 557, 126 S. Ct. 2749.

– Guantanamo Military Commission, United States of America v. Salim Ahmed Hamdan, Ruling on Defence Motion for Article 5 Status Determination, 17 December 2007.

Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, Military Tribunal V, The United States of America v. Wilhelm List and eleven others, Judgment, 19 February 1948, published in Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals Under Control Council Law No. 10, Nuernberg, October 1946–April 1949, Volume XI, United States Printing Office, Washington, 1950, pp. 757–1319, aka ‘The Hostages Trial’, Trial of 8 July 1947–19 February 1948, summarized in Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. VIII, 1949, pp. 34–92.

Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, Trial of Carl Krauch and twenty-two others (aka ‘The I.G. Farben Trial’), Trial of 14 August 1947–29 July 1948, summarized in Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. X, 1949, p. 1.

Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, Military Tribunal III, The United States of America v. Alfried Felix Alwyn Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach and eleven others, Judgment, 31 July 1948, published in Trials of War Criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10, Nuernberg, October 1946–April 1949, Volume IX, United States Printing Office, Washington, 1950, pp. 1327–1484; aka ‘The Krupp Trial’, Trial of 17 November 1947–30 June 1948, summarized in Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. X, 1949, p. 69.

Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, Trial of Erhard Milch, 20 December 1946–17 April 1947, summarized in Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. VII, 1948, p. 27.

Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, United States v. Oswald Pohl and others, Judgment, 3 November 1947, reprinted in Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10, Vol. V, 1997, p. 958.

US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Siderman de Blake v. Republic of Argentina, Case No. 85-5773, Judgment, 22 May 1992, published in Federal Reporter, Vol. 965, 1992, p. 699.

US District Court for the Southern District of Texas – Laredo Division, In the Matter of the Surrender of Elizaphan Ntakirutimana, Memorandum and Order, 17 December 1997, published in International Law Materials, Vol. 37, 1998, p. 398.

Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, In re Brandt and others (aka ‘The Medical Trial’), Judgment, 20 August 1947, summarized in Annual Digest and Reports of Public International Law Cases, Vol. 14, 1947, p. 296.

Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, Trial of Wilhelm von Leeb and thirteen others (aka ‘The German High Command Trial’), Trial of 30 December 1947–28 October 1948, summarized in Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. XII, 1949, p. 1.

US Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, Yousuf v. Samantar, Case No. 08-1555, Judgment, 2 November 2012, published in Federal Reporter, Vol. 699, 2012, p. 763.

Association of Victims of Post Electoral Violence & INTERIGHTS v. Cameroon, Communication No. 272/03, Decision, 46th Session, Banjul, 11–25 November 2009.

Centre for Free Speech v. Nigeria, Communication No. 206/97, Decision, 26th Session, Kigali, 15 November 1999.

Commission Nationale des Droits de l’Homme et des Libertés v. Chad, Communication No. 74/92, Decision, 18th Session, Praia, October 1995.

Civil Liberties Organisation, Legal Defence Centre, Legal Defence and Assistance Project v. Nigeria, Communication No. 218/98, Decision, 29th Session, Tripoli, 23 April–7 May 2001.

Constitutional Rights Project (in respect of Wahab Akamu, G. Adega and others) v. Nigeria, Communication No. 60/91, Decision, 17th Session, Lomé, 13–22 March 1995.

Curtis Francis Doebbler v. Sudan, Communication No. 236/2000, Decision, 33rd Session, Niamey, 15–29 May 2003.

Malawi African Association v. Mauritania, Communication No. 54/91 (combined with Amnesty International v. Mauritania (Communication No. 61/91); Ms Sarr Diop and others v. Mauritania (Communication No. 98/93); Collectif des Veuves et Ayants-droit v. Mauritania (Communication Nos 164/97–196/97; and Association Mauritanienne des Droits de l’Homme v. Mauritania (Communication No. 210/98)), Decision, 27th Session, Algiers, 11 May 2000.

Media Rights Agenda and Constitutional Rights Project v. Nigeria, Communication Nos 105/93, 128/94, 130/94 and 152/96, Decision, 24th Session, Banjul, 31 October 1998.

Special Arbitral Tribunal, The Naulilaa Case (Portugal v. Germany), Judgment, 31 July 1928, United Nations Reports of International Arbitral Awards, Vol. II, p. 1012.

International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes, Asian Agricultural Products Ltd. (AAPL) v. Republic of Sri Lanka, Final Award, 21 June 1990, International Legal Materials, Vol. 30, 1991, p. 577.

Partial Award, Prisoners of War, Eritrea’s Claim 17, The Hague, 1 July 2003.

Partial Award, Prisoners of War, Ethiopia’s Claim 4, The Hague, 1 July 2003.

Partial Award, Jus Ad Bellum, Ethiopia’s Claims 1-8, The Hague, 19 December 2005.

Partial Award, Central Front, Eritrea’s Claims 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 & 22, The Hague, 28 April 2004.

Partial Award, Central Front, Ethiopia’s Claim 2, The Hague, 28 April 2004.

Partial Award, Diplomatic Claim, Eritrea’s Claim 20, The Hague, 19 December 2005.

Corsacov v. Moldova, Application No. 18944/02, Judgment, 4 April 2006.

Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Netherlands v. Greece, Application Nos 3321/67, 3322/67, 3323/67 and 3344/67, Report adopted on 5 November 1969, Yearbook of the European Convention on Human Rights, Vol. 12 (1969), Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1972.

Kismir v. Turkey, Application No. 27306/95, Judgment, 31 May 2005.

Menesheva v. Russia, Application No. 59261/00, Judgment, 9 March 2006.

A v. the United Kingdom, Application No. 100/1997/884/1096, Judgment, 23 September 1998, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1998-VI.

Aksoy v. Turkey, Application No. 100/1995/606/694, Judgment, 18 December 1996, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1996-VI.

– Decision on admissibility

Al-Saadoon and Mufdhi v. the United Kingdom, Application No. 61498/08, Decision on Admissibility, 30 June 2009.

– Judgment

Al-Saadoon and Mufdhi v. the United Kingdom, Application No. 61498/08, Judgment, 2 March 2010, Reports of Judgments and Decisions, 2010.

Al-Skeini and others v. the United Kingdom, Application No. 55721/07, Judgment, 7 July 2011.

Aydin v. Turkey, Application No. 57/1996/676/866, Judgment, 25 September 1997, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1997-VI.

Belilos v. Switzerland, Application No. 10328/83, Judgment, 29 April 1988, Series A No. 132.

Çakici v. Turkey, Application No. 23657/94, Judgment, 8 July 1999.

Catan and others v. the Republic of Moldova and Russia, Application Nos. 43370/04, 8252/05 and 18454/06, Grand Chamber, Judgment, 19 October 2012.

Çiraklar v. Turkey, Application No. 70/1997/854/1061, Judgment, 28 October 1998.

Chahal v. the United Kingdom, Application No. 70/1995/576/662, Judgment, 15 November 1996.

Chiragov and others v. Armenia, Application No. 13216/05, Grand Chamber, Judgment, 16 June 2015

Čonka v. Belgium, Application No. 51564/99, Judgment, 5 February 2002, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 2002-I.

Cyprus v. Turkey (Merits), Application No. 25781/94, Judgment, 10 May 2001, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 2001-IV.

De Cubber v. Belgium, Application No. 9186/80, Judgment, 26 October 1984, Series A No. 86.

Dougoz v. Greece (Merits and Just Satisfaction), Application No. 40907/98, Judgment, 6 March 2001.

El-Masri v. the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Application No. 39630/09, Judgment, 13 December, 2012.

Findlay v. the United Kingdom, Application No. 110/1995/616/706, Judgment, 25 February 1997, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1997-I.

Hénaf v. France, Application No. 65436/01, Judgment, 27 November 2003.

Hirsi Jamaa and others v. Italy, Application No. 27765/09, Judgment, 23 February 2012.

Hüsniye Tekin v. Turkey, Application No. 50971/99, Judgment, 25 October 2005.

Hurtado v. Switzerland, Application No. 17549/90, Judgment, 28 January 1994.

Ilaşcu and others v. Moldova and Russia, Application No. 48787/99, Judgment, 8 July 2004.

Incal v. Turkey, Application No. 41/1997/825/1031, Judgment, 9 June 1998.

Iovchev v. Bulgaria, Application No. 41211/98, Judgment, 2 February 2006.

Ireland v. the United Kingdom, Application No. 5310/71, Judgment, 18 January 1978, Series A No. 25.

Issa and others v. Turkey, Application No. 31821/96, Judgment, 16 November 2004, Series A No. 25.

Jabari v. Turkey, Application No. 40035/98, Judgment, 11 July 2000, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 2000-VIII.

Jaloud v. The Netherlands, Application No. 47708/08, Judgment, 20 November 2014.

Kalashnikov v. Russia, Application No. 47095/99, Judgment, 15 July 2002.

Koval v. Ukraine, Application No. 65550/01, Judgment, 19 October 2006.

Loizidou v. Turkey (Merits and Just Satisfaction), Application No. 40/1993/435/514, Judgment, 18 December 1996, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1996-VI.

Medvedyev and others v. France, Application No. 3394/03, Judgment, 29 March 2010.

Mehdi Zana v. Turkey, Application No. 29851/96, Judgment, 6 March 2001.

Mamatkulov and Askarov v. Turkey, Application Nos. 46827/99 and 46951/99, Judgment, 4 February 2005, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 2005-I.

Öcalan v. Turkey, Application No. 46221/99, Judgment, 12 May 2005.

Osman v. the United Kingdom, Application No. 23452/94, Judgment, 28 October 1998.

Othman (Abu Qatada) v. the United Kingdom, Application No. 8139/09, Judgment, 17 January 2012.

Peers v. Greece, Application No. 28524/95, Judgment, 19 April 2001.

Piersack v. Belgium, Application No. 8692/79, Judgment, 1 October 1982, Series A No. 53.

Pishchalnikov v. Russia, Application No. 7025/04, Judgment, 24 September 2009.

Raninen v. Finland, Application No. 20972/92, Judgment, 16 December 1997, Series A No. 226-B.

Saadi v. Italy, Application No. 37201/06, Grand Chamber, Judgment, 28 February 2008, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 2008.

Şahiner v. Turkey, Application No. 29279/95, Judgment, 25 September 2001.

Salman v Turkey (Merits and Just Satisfaction), Application No. 21986/93, Judgment, 27 June 2000.

Selmouni v. France, Application No. 25803/94, Judgment, 28 July 1999.

Shamayev and others v. Georgia and Russia, Application No. 36378/02, Judgment, 12 April 2005, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 2005-III.

Soering v the United Kingdom, Application No. 14038/88, Judgment, 7 July 1989.

Thlimmenos v. Greece, Application No. 34369/97, Judgment, 6 April 2000, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 2000-IV.

Yankov v. Bulgaria, Application No. 39084/97, Judgment, 11 December 2003.

Z.N.S. v. Turkey, Application No. 21896/08, Judgment, 19 January 2010.

Decision on Ieng Sary’s Rule 89 Preliminary Objections (Ne bis in idem and Amnesty and Pardon), Case No. 002/19-09-2007/ECCC/TC, Decision, 3 November 2011.

The Prosecutor v. Kaing Guek Eav (alias: Duch), Case No. 001/18-07-2007/ECCC/TC, Judgment, 26 July 2010.

The Prosecutor v. Nuon Chea and Khieu Samphan, Case No. 002/19-09-2007/ECCC/TC, Judgment, 7 August 2014.

Bolivia, Case 7823, Juan Antonio Solano, Resolution No. 32/82, 8 March 1982, Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 1981–1982, OAS Doc. OAS/Ser.L/V/II.57 doc. 6 rev. 1, 20 September 1982, p. 42.

El Salvador, Case 10.480, Lucio Parada Cea and others, Report No. 1/99, 27 January 1999, Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 1998, OAS Doc. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.102 doc. 6 rev., 16 April 1999.

Peru, Case 10.548, Hugo Bustíos Saavedra, Report No. 38/97, 16 October 1997, Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 1997, OAS Doc. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.98 doc. 6 rev., 13 April 1998.

Dominican Republic, Case 10.832, Luis Lizardo Cabrera, Report No. 35/96, 19 February 1998, Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 1997, OAS Doc. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.98 doc. 6 rev., 13 April 1998, p. 821.

Peru, Case 10.970, Raquel Martí de Mejía, Report No. 5/96, 1 March 1996, Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 1995, OAS Doc. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.91 doc. 7 rev., 28 February 1996, p. 157.

Peru, Case 11.006, Alan García, Report No. 1/95, 7 February 1995, Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 1994, OAS Doc. OEA/Ser.L/V.88 doc. 9 rev. 1, 17 February 1995, p. 71.

Peru, Case 11.084, Jaime Salinas, Report No. 27/94, 30 November 1994, Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 1994, OAS Doc. OEA/Ser.L/V.88 doc. 9 rev.1, 17 February 1995, p. 113.

Argentina, Case 11.137, Juan Carlos Abella (aka ‘La Tablada case’), Report No. 55/97, 18 November 1997, Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 1997, OAS Doc. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.98 doc. 6 rev., 13 April 1998, p. 271.

Colombia, Case 11.142, Arturo Ribón Avilán, Report No. 26/97, 30 September 1997, Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 1997, OAS Doc. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.98 doc. 6 rev., 13 April 1998.

Mexico, Case 11.520, Tomás Porfirio Rondin (aka ‘Aguas Blancas case’), Report No. 49/97, 18 February 1998, Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 1997, OAS Doc. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.98 doc. 6 rev., 13 April 1998.

Mexico, Case 11.565, Ana, Beatriz, and Celia González Pérez v. Mexico, Report No. 129/99, 19 November 1999, Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 1999, OAS Doc. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.106 doc. 6 rev., 13 April 2000.

Colombia, Case 11.710, Prada González y Bolaño Castro, Report No. 63/01, 6 April 2001, OAS Doc. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.111 doc. 20 rev., 16 April 2001, p. 781.

Caesar v. Trinidad and Tobago, Merits, Reparations and Costs, Judgment, 11 March 2005, Series C No. 123 (2005).

Castillo Petruzzi and others v. Peru, Merits, Reparations and Costs, Judgment, 30 May 1999, Series C No. 52 (1999).

Judicial Guarantees in States of Emergency (Articles 27(2), 25 and 8 American Convention on Human Rights), Advisory Opinion OC-9/87, 6 October 1987, Series A No. 9 (1987), Annual Report of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights 1988, OAS Doc. OEA/Ser.L/V/III.19 doc. 13, 31 August 1988, p. 13.

‘Juvenile Reeducation Institute’ v. Paraguay, Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs, Judgment, 2 September 2004, Series C No. 112 (2004).

Loayza Tamayo v. Peru, Merits, Judgment, 17 September 1997, Series C No. 33 (1997).

The ‘Mapiripán Massacre’ v. Colombia, Merits, Reparations and Costs, Judgment, 15 September 2005, Series C No. 134 (2005).

Maritza Urrutia v. Guatemala, Merits, Reparations and Costs, Judgment, 27 November 2003, Series C No. 103 (2003).

The Pueblo Bello Massacre v. Colombia, Merits, Reparations and Costs, Judgment, 31 January 2006, Series C No. 140 (2006).

Tibi v. Ecuador, Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs, Judgment, 7 September 2004, Series C No. 114 (2004).

Velásquez Rodríguez v. Honduras, Merits, Judgment, 29 July 1988, Series C No. 4 (1988), Annual Report of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights 1988, OAS Doc. OEA/Ser.L/V/III.19 doc. 13, 31 August 1988, p. 35.

Villagrán Morales and others v. Guatemala (aka the ‘Street Children’ case), Merits, Judgment, 19 November 1999, Series C No. 63 (1999).

Aegean Sea Continental Shelf case (Greece v. Turkey), Judgment, 19 December 1978, ICJ Reports 1978, p. 3.

– Preliminary Objections, Judgment

Case Concerning Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)), Preliminary Objections, Judgment, 11 July 1996, ICJ Reports 1996, p. 595.

– Merits, Judgment

Case Concerning Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro), Merits, Judgment, 26 February 2007, ICJ Reports 2007, p. 43.

Case concerning Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda), Judgment, 19 December 2005, ICJ Reports 2005, General List No. 116.

Case concerning the Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 issued against the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Democratic Republic of the Congo by a Belgian Court (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Belgium), Judgment, 14 February 2002, ICJ Reports 2002, p. 3.

Certain Expenses of the United Nations (Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Charter), Advisory Opinion, 20 July 1962, ICJ Reports 1962, pp. 151 and 159.

The Corfu Channel case (United Kingdom v. Albania), Merits, Judgment, 9 April 1949, ICJ Reports 1949, p. 4.

Fisheries Jurisdiction case (Spain v. Canada), Jurisdiction of the Court, Judgment, 4 December 1998, ICJ Reports 1998, p. 432.

Interpretation of the Agreement of 25 March 1951 between the WHO and Egypt, Advisory Opinion, 20 December 1980, ICJ Reports 1980, p. 73.

Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy: Greece intervening), Judgment, 3 February 2012, ICJ Reports 2012, p. 99.

Case concerning Kasikili/Sedudu Island (Botswana v. Namibia), Judgment, 13 December 1999, ICJ Reports 1999, p. 1045.

Accordance with international law of the unilateral declaration of independence in respect of Kosovo, Advisory Opinion, 22 July 2010, ICJ Reports 2010, p. 403.

Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (aka Wall case), Advisory Opinion, 9 July 2004, ICJ Reports 2004, p. 136.

Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion, 8 July 1996, ICJ Reports 1996, p. 226.

Legality of the Use by a State of Nuclear Weapons in Armed Conflict, Advisory Opinion, 8 July 1996, ICJ Reports 1996, p. 66.

Case concerning the Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America) (aka Nicaragua case), Merits, Judgment, 27 June 1986, ICJ Reports 1986, p. 14.

Case concerning rights of nationals of the United States of America in Morocco (France v. United States of America), Merits, Judgment, 27 August 1952, ICJ Reports 1952, p. 176.

Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia (South West Africa) notwithstanding Security Council Resolution 276 (1970), Advisory Opinion, 21 June 1971, ICJ Reports 1971, p. 16.

– Nuclear tests (Australia v. France), Judgment, 20 December 1974, ICJ Reports 1974, p. 253.

– Nuclear tests (New Zealand v. France), Judgment, 20 December 1974, ICJ Reports 1974, p. 457.

– Request for an Examination of the Situation in Accordance with Paragraph 63 of the Court’s Judgment, 20 December 1974 in the Nuclear Tests case (New Zealand v. France), Order of 22 September 1995, ICJ Reports 1995, p. 288.

Questions relating to the Obligation to Prosecute or Extradite (Belgium v. Senegal), Judgment, 20 July 2012, ICJ Reports 2012, p. 422.

Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations, Advisory Opinion, 11 April 1949, ICJ Reports 1949, p. 174.

Reservations to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Advisory Opinion, 28 May 1951, ICJ Reports 1951, p. 15.

Case concerning the Territorial Dispute (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. Chad), Judgment, 3 February 1994, ICJ Reports 1994, p. 6.

– Decision on the Confirmation of Charges

The Prosecutor v. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo, Case No. ICC-01/05-01/08, Pre-Trial Chamber II, Decision pursuant to article 61(7)(a) and (b) of the Rome Statute on the Charges of the Prosecutor against Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo, 15 June 2009.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo, Case No. ICC-01/05-01/08, Trial Chamber III, Judgment Pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute, 21 March 2016.

The Prosecutor v. Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Abdullah Al-Senussi, Case No. ICC-01/11-01/11 OA 4, Judgment on the appeal of Libya against the decision of the Pre-Trial Chamber of 31 May 2013 on the Admissibility of the Case, 21 May 2014.

– Decision on the Confirmation of Charges

The Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/07, Pre-Trial Chamber I, Decision on the Confirmation of Charges, 26 September 2008.

– Judgment on the Appeal against the Oral Decision on Admissibility

The Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/07 OA, Judgment on the Appeal of Mr Germain Katanga against the Oral Decision of Trial Chamber II of 12 June 2009 on the Admissibility of the Case, 25 September 2009.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/07, Trial Chamber II, Judgment pursuant to Article 74 of the Rome Statute, 7 March 2014.

– Decision on the Confirmation of Charges

The Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/06, Pre-Trial Chamber I, Decision on the Confirmation of Charges, 29 January 2007.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/06, Judgment pursuant to Article 74 of the Rome Statute, Trial Chamber I, 14 March 2012.

– Decision on the Confirmation of Charges

The Prosecutor v. Bosco Ntaganda, Case No. ICC-01/04-02/06, Pre-Trial Chamber II, Decision on the Confirmation of Charges (Decision pursuant to Article 61(7)(a) and (b) of the Rome Statute on the Charges of the Prosecutor against Bosco Ntaganda), 9 June 2014.

– Decision on the Jurisdiction of the Court in Respect of Counts 6 and 9

The Prosecutor v. Bosco Ntaganda, Case No. ICC-01/04-02/06, Second Decision on the Defence’s Challenge to the Jurisdiction of the Court in Respect of Counts 6 and 9, Trial Chamber VI, 4 January 2017.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Jean-Paul Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment, 2 September 1998.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Jean-Paul Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 1 June 2001.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Ignace Bagilishema, Case No. ICTR-95-1A-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment, 7 June 2001.

– Appeal Judgment (Reasons)

The Prosecutor v. Ignace Bagilishema, Case No. ICTR-95-1A-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment (Reasons), 3 July 2002.

The Prosecutor v. Théoneste Bagosora, Gratien Kabiligi, Aloys Ntabakuze & Anatole Nsengiyumva, Case No. ICTR-98-41-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment and Sentence, 18 December 2008.

The Prosecutor v. Paul Bisengimana, Case No. ICTR-00-60-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment and Sentence, 13 April 2006.

The Prosecutor v. Sylvestre Gacumbitsi, Case No. ICTR-01-64-T, Trial Chamber III, Judgment, 17 June 2004.

The Prosecutor v. Juvénal Kajelijeli, Case No. ICTR-98-44A-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 1 December 2003.

The Prosecutor v. Jean de Dieu Kamuhanda, Case No. ICTR-99-54A-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 22 January 2004.

Edouard Karemera and Mathieu Ngirumpatse v. the Prosecutor, Case No. ICTR-98-44-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 29 September 2014.

The Prosecutor v. Clément Kayishema and Obed Ruzindana, Case No. ICTR-95-1-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 21 May 1999.

The Prosecutor v. Alfred Musema, Case No. ICTR-96-13-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment and Sentence, 27 January 2000.

The Prosecutor v. Tharcisse Muvunyi, Case No. ICTR-2000-55A-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment and Sentence, 12 September 2006.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Ferdinand Nahimana, Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza and Hassan Ngeze, Case No. ICTR-99-52-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment, 3 December 2003.

– Appeal Judgment

Ferdinand Nahimana, Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza and Hassan Ngeze v. the Prosecutor, Case No. ICTR-99-52-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 28 November 2007.

The Prosecutor v. Augustin Ndindiliyimana, Augustin Bizimungu, François-Xavier Nzuwonemeye and Innocent Sagahutu, Case No. ICTR-00-56-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment and Sentence, 17 May 2011.

The Prosecutor v. Eliézer Niyitegeka, Case No. ICTR-96-14-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment and Sentence, 16 May 2003.

The Prosecutor v. Ildéphonse Nizeyimana, Case No. ICTR-2000-55C-T, Trial Chamber III, Judgment and Sentence, 19 June 2012.

Prosecutor v. André Ntagerura and others, Case No. ICTR-99-46-T, Trial Chamber III, Judgment and Sentence, 24 February 2004.

The Prosecutor v. Elizaphan Ntakirutimana and Gérard Ntakirutimana, Case Nos. ICTR-96-10-A & ICTR-96-17-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 13 December 2004.

The Prosecutor v. Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, Arsène Shalom Ntahobali, Sylvain Nsabimana, Alphonse Nteziryayo, Joseph Kanyabashi and Élie Ndayambaje, Case No. ICTR-98-42-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment and Sentence, 24 June 2011.

The Prosecutor v. Tharcisse Renzaho, Case No. ICTR-97-31-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment and Sentence, 14 July 2009.

The Prosecutor v. Emmanuel Rukundo, Case No. ICTR-2001-70-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 27 February 2009.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Georges Anderson Nderubumwe Rutaganda, Case No. ICTR-96-3-T,

Trial Chamber I, Judgment, 6 December 1999.

– Appeal Judgment

Georges Anderson Nderubumwe Rutaganda v. the Prosecutor, Case No. ICTR-96-3-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 26 May 2003.

The Prosecutor v. Vincent Rutaganira, Case No. ICTR-95-1C-T, Trial Chamber III, Judgment and Sentence, 14 March 2005.

Ephrem Setako v. the Prosecutor, Case No. ICTR-04-81-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 28 September 2011.

The Prosecutor v. Protais Zigiranyirazo, Case No. ICTR-01-73-T, Trial Chamber III, Judgment, 18 December 2008.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Zlatko Aleksovski, Case No. IT-95-14/1-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment, 25 June 1999.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Zlatko Aleksovski, Case No. IT-95-14/1-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 24 March 2000.

The Prosecutor v. Vidoje Blagojević and Dragan Jokić, Case No. IT-02-60-T, Trial Chamber I, Section A, Judgment, 17 January 2005.

– Decision on Defence Motion

The Prosecutor v. Tihomir Blaškić, Case No. IT-95-14-PT, Decision on the Defence Motion to Strike Portions of the Amended Indictment Alleging ‘Failure to Punish’ Liability, Trial Chamber, 4 April 1997.

– Decision on the Issuance of the Subpoena Duces Tecum

The Prosecutor v. Tihomir Blaškić, Case No. IT-95-14, Appeals Chamber, Judgment on the Request of the Republic of Croatia for Review of the Decision of Trial Chamber II of 18 July 1997, 29 October 1997.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Tihomir Blaškić, Case No. IT-95-14-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment, 3 March 2000.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Tihomir Blaškić, Case No. IT-95-14-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 29 July 2004.

The Prosecutor v. Ljube Boškoski and Johan Tarčulovski, Case No. IT-04-82-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 10 July 2008.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Radoslav Brđanin, Case No. IT-99-36-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 1 September 2004.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Radoslav Brđanin, Case No. IT-99-36-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 3 April 2007.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Zejnil Delalić, Zdravko Mucić (aka ‘Pavo’), Hazim Delić and Esad Landžo (aka ‘Zenga’), Case No. IT-96-21-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 16 November 1998.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Zejnil Delalić, Zdravko Mucić (aka ‘Pavo’), Hazim Delić and Esad Landžo (aka ‘Zenga’), Case No. IT-96-21-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 20 February 2001.

The Prosecutor v. Rasim Delić, Case No. IT-04-83-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment, 15 September 2008.

The Prosecutor v. Vlastimir Đorđević, Case No. IT-05-87/1-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 23 February 2011.

Prosecutor v. Dragomir Milošević, Case No. IT-98-29/1-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 12 November 2009.

The Prosecutor v. Dražen Erdemović, Case No. IT-96-22-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 7 October 1997.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Anto Furundžija, Case No. IT-95-17/1-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 10 December 1998.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Anto Furundžija, Case No. IT-95-17/1-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 21 July 2000.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Stanislav Galić, Case No. IT-98-29-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment, 5 December 2003.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Stanislav Galić, Case No. 98-29-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 30 November 2006.

The Prosecutor v. Ante Gotovina, Ivan Čermak and Mladen Markač, Case No. IT-06-90-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment, 15 April 2011.

– Decision on Interlocutory Appeal Challenging Jurisdiction in Relation to Command Responsibility

The Prosecutor v. Enver Hadžihasanović, Mehmed Alagić and Amir Kubura, Case No. IT-01-47-AR72, Appeals Chamber, Decision on Interlocutory Appeal Challenging Jurisdiction in Relation to Command Responsibility, 16 July 2003.

– Decision on Joint Defence Interlocutory Appeal of Trial Chamber Decision on Rule 98bis Motions for Acquittal

The Prosecutor v. Enver Hadžihasanović and Amir Kubura, Case No. IT-01-47-AR73.3, Appeals Chamber, Decision on Joint Defence Interlocutory Appeal of Trial Chamber Decision on Rule 98bis Motions for Acquittal, 11 March 2005.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Enver Hadžihasanović and Amir Kubura, Case No. IT-01-47-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 15 March 2006.

Prosecutor v. Sefer Halilović, Case No. IT-01-48-T, Trial Chamber I, Section A, Judgment, 16 November 2005.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Ramush Haradinaj, Idriz Balaj and Lahi Brahimaj, Case No. IT-04-84-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment, 3 April 2008.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Ramush Haradinaj, Idriz Balaj and Lahi Brahimaj, Case No. IT-04-84-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 19 July 2010.

– Retrial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Ramush Haradinaj, Idriz Balaj and Lahi Brahimaj, Case No. IT-04-84bis-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 29 November 2012.

The Prosecutor v. Goran Jelisić, Case No. IT-95-10-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment, 14 December 1999.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Dario Kordić and Mario Čerkez, Case No. IT-95-14/2-T, Trial Chamber III, Judgment, 26 February 2001.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Dario Kordić and Mario Čerkez, Case No. IT-95-14/2-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 17 December 2004.

The Prosecutor v. Momčilo Krajišnik, Case No. IT-00-39-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment, 27 September 2006.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Milorad Krnojelac, Case No. IT-97-25-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 15 March 2002.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Milorad Krnojelac, Case No. IT-97-25-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 17 September 2003.

The Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstić, Case No. IT-98-33-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment, 2 August 2001.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Dragoljub Kunarac, Radomir Kovač and Zoran Vuković, Case Nos. IT-96-23-T and IT-96-23/1-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 22 February 2001.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Dragoljub Kunarac, Radomir Kovač and Zoran Vuković, Case Nos. IT-96-23 and IT-96-23/1-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 12 June 2002.

The Prosecutor v. Zoran Kupreškić, Mirjan Kupreškić, Vlatko Kupreškić, Drago Josipović, Dragan Papić and Vladimir Šantić (aka ‘Vlado’), Case No. IT-95-16-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 14 January 2000.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Miroslav Kvočka, Milojica Kos, Mlado Radić, Zoran Žigić and Dragoljub Prcać, Case No. IT-98-30/1-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment, 2 November 2001.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Miroslav Kvočka, Mlado Radić, Zoran Žigić and Dragoljub Prcać, Case No. IT-98-30/1-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 28 February 2005.

The Prosecutor v. Fatmir Limaj, Haradin Bala and Isak Musliu, Case No. IT-03-66-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 30 November 2005.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Milan Lukić and Sredoje Lukić, Case No. IT-98-32/1-T, Trial Chamber III, Judgment, 20 July 2009.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Milan Lukić and Sredoje Lukić, Case No. IT-98-32/1-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 4 December 2012.

– Rule 61 Decision

The Prosecutor v. Milan Martić, Case No. IT-95-11-R61, Trial Chamber I, Decision, 8 March 1996.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Milan Martić, Case No. IT-95-11-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment, 12 June 2007.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Milan Martić, Case No. IT-95-11-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 8 October 2008.

The Prosecutor v. Milan Milutinović, Nikola Šainović, Dragoljub Ojdanić, Nebojša Pavković, Vladimir Lazarević and Sreten Lukić, Case No. IT-05-87-T, Vol. 1, Trial Chamber, Judgment, 26 February 2009.

The Prosecutor v. Darko Mrđa, Case No. IT-02-59-S, Trial Chamber I, Sentencing Judgment, 31 March 2004.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Mile Mrkšić, Miroslav Radić and Veselin Šljivančanin, Case No. IT-95-13/1-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 27 September 2007.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Mile Mrkšić and Veselin Šljivančanin, Case No. IT-95-13/1-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 5 May 2009.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Zejnil Delalić, Zdravko Mucić (aka ‘Pavo’), Hazim Delić and Esad Landžo (aka ‘Zenga’), Case No. IT-96-21-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 16 November 1998.– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Zejnil Delalić, Zdravko Mucić (aka ‘Pavo’), Hazim Delić and Esad Landžo (aka ‘Zenga’), Case No. IT-96-21-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 20 February 2001.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Mladen Naletilić (aka ‘Tuta’) and Vinko Martinović (aka ‘Stela’), Case No. IT-98-34-T, Trial Chamber, Judgment, 31 March 2003.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Mladen Naletilić (aka ‘Tuta’) and Vinko Martinović (aka ‘Stela’), Case No. IT-98-34-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgement, 3 May 2006.

The Prosecutor v. Naser Orić, Case No. IT-03-68-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 30 June 2006.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Momčilo Perišić, Case No. IT-04-81-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment, 6 September 2011.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Momčilo Perišić, Case No. IT-04-81-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 28 February 2013.

The Prosecutor v. Vujadin Popović, Ljubiša Beara, Drago Nikolić, Ljubomir Borovčanin, Radivoje Miletić, Milan Gvero and Vinko Pandurević, Case No. IT-05-88-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 10 June 2010.

The Prosecutor v. Jadranko Prlić, Bruno Stojić, Slobodan Praljak, Milivoj Petković, Valentin Ćorić and Berislav Pušić, Case No. IT-04-74-T, Trial Chamber III, Judgment, 29 May 2013.

– Second Amended Indictment

The Prosecutor v. Vojislav Šešelj, Case No. IT-03-67, Second Amended Indictment, 25 June 2007.

The Prosecutor v. Blagoje Simić, Miroslav Tadić and Simo Zarić, Case No. IT-95-9-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 17 October 2003.

The Prosecutor v. Slobodan Milošević, Case No. IT-02-54-T, Trial Chamber, Decision on Motion for Judgment of Acquittal, 16 June 2004.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Milomir Stakić, Case No. IT-97-24, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 31 July 2003.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Milomir Stakić, Case No. IT-97-24-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 22 March 2006.

The Prosecutor v. Jovica Stanišić and Franko Simatović, Case No. IT-03-69-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment, 30 May 2013.

Prosecutor v. Mićo Stanišić & Stojan Župljanin, Case No. IT-08-91-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 27 March 2013.

The Prosecutor v. Pavle Strugar, Case No. IT-01-42-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 31 January 2005.

– Decision on the Defence Motion on Jurisdiction

The Prosecutor v. Duško Tadić (aka ‘Dule’), Case No. IT-94-1-T, Trial Chamber, Decision on the Defence Motion on Jurisdiction, 10 August 1995.

– Decision on the Defence Motion for Interlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction

The Prosecutor v. Duško Tadić (aka ‘Dule’), Case No. IT-94-1-AR72, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the Defence Motion for Interlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction, 2 October 1995.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Duško Tadić (aka ‘Dule’), Case No. IT-94-1-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 7 May 1997.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Duško Tadić (aka ‘Dule’), Case No. IT-94-1-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 15 July 1999.

The Prosecutor v. Zdravko Tolimir, Case No. IT-05-88/2-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 12 December 2012.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Mitar Vasiljević, Case No. IT-98-32-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 29 November 2002.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Mitar Vasiljević, Case No. IT-98-32-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 25 February 2004.

Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, Judgment, 1 October 1946, Official Documents, Vol. I, pp. 171–341, reprinted in American Journal of International Law, Vol. 41, 1947, pp. 172–331.

Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal, Tokyo, Judgment, 4–12 November 1948, reprinted in International Law Documents, 1948–1949, International Law Studies, U.S. Naval War College, Vol. 46, 1950, pp. 76–106.

The “ARA Libertad Case”, Argentina v. Ghana, Order of 15 December 2012.

Island of Palmas case, Netherlands v. USA, Award, 4 April 1928, Reports of International Arbitral Awards, Vol. II, pp. 829–871.

The case of the S.S. ‘Lotus’ (France v. Turkey), Judgment, 7 September 1927, Collection of Judgments, Series A., No. 10.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Alex Tamba Brima, Brima Bazzy Kamara and Santigie Borbor Kanu, Case No. SCSL-04-16-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 20 June 2007.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Alex Tamba Brima, Brima Bazzy Kamara and Santigie Borbor Kanu, Case No. SCSL-2004-16-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 22 February 2008.

The Prosecutor v. Moinina Fofana and Allieu Kondewa, Case No. SCSL-04-14-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment, 2 August 2007.

The Prosecutor v. Morris Kallon and Brima Bazzy Kamara, Case No. SCSL-2004-15-AR72(E), Appeals Chamber, Decision on Challenge to Jurisdiction: Lomé Accord Amnesty, 13 March 2004.

The Prosecutor v. Johnny Paul Koroma (aka ‘JPK’), Case No. SCSL-03-I, Indictment, 3 March 2003.

– Corrected Amended Consolidated Indictment

The Prosecutor v. Issa Hassan Sesay (aka ‘Issa Sesay’), Morris Kallon (aka ‘Bilai Karim’) and Augustine Gbao (aka ‘Augustine Bao’), Case No. SCSL-04-15-PT, Corrected Amended Consolidated Indictment, 2 August 2006.

– Trial Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Issa Hassan Sesay (aka ‘Issa Sesay’), Morris Kallon (aka ‘Bilai Karim’) and Augustine Gbao (aka ‘Augustine Bao’), Case No. SCSL-04-15-T, Trial Chamber I, Judgment, 2 March 2009.

– Appeal Judgment

The Prosecutor v. Issa Hassan Sesay (aka ‘Issa Sesay’), Morris Kallon (aka ‘Bilai Karim’) and Augustine Gbao (aka ‘Augustine Bao’), Case No. SCSL-04-15-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgment, 26 October 2009.

The Prosecutor v. Charles Ghankay Taylor (aka ‘Dankpannah Charles Ghankay Taylor’, aka ‘Dankpannah Charles Ghankay Macarthur Taylor’), Case No. SCSL-03-01-T, Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 18 May 2012.

Danilo Dimitrijević v. Serbia and Montenegro, Communication No. 172/2000, Decisions of the Committee against Torture under article 22 of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, adopted on 16 November 2005, UN Doc. CAT/C/35/D/172/2000, 29 November 2005.

T.A. v. Sweden, Communication No. 226/2003, Decisions of the Committee against Torture under article 22 of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, adopted on 6 May 2005, UN Doc. CAT/C/34/D/226/2003, 27 May 2005.

Angel N. Oló Bahamonde v. Equatorial Guinea, Communication No. 468/1991, Views under Article 5(4) of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted on 20 October 1993, reproduced in Annual Report of the Human Rights Committee to the UN General Assembly, UN Doc. CCPR/C/49/D/468/1991 (1993).

Eduardo Bleier v. Uruguay, Communication No. R.7/30, Views under Article 5(4) of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted on 24 March 1980, UN Doc. Supp. No. 40 (A/37/40) (1982), p. 130

Rosa Espinoza de Polay (on behalf of her husband Victor Alfredo Polay Campos) v. Peru, Communication No. 577/1994, Views under Article 5(4) of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted on 6 November 1997, UN Doc. CCPR/C/61/D/577/1994 (1998).

Arvo O. Karttunen v. Finland, Communication No. 387/1989, Views under Article 5(4) of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted on 23 October 1992, UN Doc. CCPR/C/46/D/387/1989 (1992).

Aston Little v. Jamaica, Communication No. 283/1988, Views under Article 5(4) of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted on 1 November 1991, UN Doc. CCPR/C/43/D/283/l988 (1991).

George Osbourne v. Jamaica, Communication No. 759/1997, Views of the Human Rights Committee under Article 5(4) of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted on 13 April 2000, UN Doc. CCPR/C/68/D/759/1997 (2000).

Csaba Párkányi v. Hungary, Communication No. 410/1990, Views of the Human Rights Committee under Article 5(4) of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted on 27 July 1992, UN Doc. CCPR/C/45/D/410/1990 (1992).

Rodríguez v. Uruguay, Communication No. 322/1988, Views under Article 5(4) of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted on 19 July 1994, UN Doc. CCPR/C/51/D/322/1988 (1994).

Maurice Thomas v. Jamaica, Communication No. 532/1993, Views under Article 5(4) of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted on 3 November 1997, UN Doc. CCPR/C/61/D/532/1993 (1997).

William Torres Ramírez v. Uruguay, Communication No. 4/1977, Views under Article 5(4) of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted on 23 July 1980, UN Doc. A/35/40 (1980), p. 121.

Tshitenge Muteba v. Zaire, Communication No. 124/1982, Views under Article 5(4) of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted on 24 July 1984, UN Doc. A/39/40 (1984), p. 182.

Kwok Yin Fong v. Australia, Communication No. 1442/2005, Views under Article 5(4) of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted on 23 October 2009, UN Doc. CCPR/C/97/D/1442/2005 (2009).

Paul Des Gouttes, La Convention de Genève pour l’amélioration du sort des blessés et des malades dans les armées en campagne du 27 juillet 1929: Commentaire, ICRC, Geneva, 1930.

Jean S. Pictet (ed.), The Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949: Commentary, Vol. I: Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, ICRC, Geneva, 1952.

Jean S. Pictet (ed.), The Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949: Commentary, Vol. II: Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea, ICRC, Geneva, 1960.

Jean S. Pictet (ed.), The Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949: Commentary, Vol. III: Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, ICRC, Geneva, 1960.

Jean S. Pictet (ed.), The Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949: Commentary, Vol. IV: Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, ICRC, Geneva, 1958.

Yves Sandoz, Christophe Swinarski and Bruno Zimmermann (eds), Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, ICRC/Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Geneva, 1987.

ICRC, Commentary on the First Geneva Convention: Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, 2016.