Norma relacionada
Central African Republic
Practice Relating to Rule 38. Attacks against Cultural Property
The Central African Republic’s Instructor’s Manual (1999) states in Volume 1 (Basic and team leader instruction): “The following objects enjoy special protection: … cultural objects identified as such (places of worship, universities, museums)”.
Central African Republic, Le Droit de la Guerre, Fascicule No. 1: Formation élémentaire toutes armés (FETA), formation commune de base (FCB), certificat d’aptitude technique No. 1 (Chef d’équipe), Ministère de la Défense, Forces Armées Centrafricaines, 1999, Chapter II, Section II, § 2.
In Volume 2, the manual also states:
Marked cultural property whose immunity has been lifted for reasons of military necessity must, nevertheless, be respected to the extent permitted by the tactical situation. If not already done, the distinctive emblems used to mark the protected property whose immunity has been lifted must be removed.
Central African Republic, Le Droit de la Guerre, Fascicule No. 2: Formation pour l’obtention du certificat technique No. 2 (Chef de Groupe), du certificat Inter-Armé (CIA), du certificat d’aptitude de Chef de Patrouille (CACP), Ministère de la Défense, Forces Armées Centrafricaines, 1999, Chapter II, Section II, § 2.1.
Also in Volume 2, the manual states: “Cultural property (places of worship, museums, etc.) displaying the protective signs must be respected. Only military commanders and the civilian authorities may lift the immunity of cultural property.”
Central African Republic, Le Droit de la Guerre, Fascicule No. 2: Formation pour l’obtention du certificat technique No. 2 (Chef de Groupe), du certificat Inter-Armé (CIA), du certificat d’aptitude de Chef de Patrouille (CACP), Ministère de la Défense, Forces Armées Centrafricaines, 1999, Chapter IV, Section IV.
Volume 2 further states: “Respect … objects bearing … the signs identifying cultural property.”
Central African Republic, Le Droit de la Guerre, Fascicule No. 2: Formation pour l’obtention du certificat technique No. 2 (Chef de Groupe), du certificat Inter-Armé (CIA), du certificat d’aptitude de Chef de Patrouille (CACP), Ministère de la Défense, Forces Armées Centrafricaines, 1999, Chapter V, Section II, § 10.
In Volume 3 (Instruction for non-commissioned officers studying for the level 1 and 2 certificates and for future officers of the criminal police), the manual states:
Specially protected objects [including cultural property] may not:
…
- be attacked.
The immunity of generally protected cultural property may be lifted only in case of imperative military necessity.
The immunity of specially protected cultural property may be lifted only in exceptional cases of unavoidable military necessity.
Central African Republic, Le Droit de la Guerre, Fascicule No. 3: Formation pour l’obtention du Brevet d’Armes No. 1, du Brevet d’Armes No. 2 et le stage d’Officier de Police Judiciaire (OPJ), Ministère de la Défense, Forces Armées Centrafricaines, 1999, Chapter I, Section II, § 2.2.
Also in Volume 3, the manual states:
During an attack (exceptional case of unavoidable military necessity), and if the tactical situation permits, the lifting of the immunity of a cultural object identified by three distinctive signs will be limited in time and restricted to the least important parts of the cultural object.
Central African Republic, Le Droit de la Guerre, Fascicule No. 3: Formation pour l’obtention du Brevet d’Armes No. 1, du Brevet d’Armes No. 2 et le stage d’Officier de Police Judiciaire (OPJ), Ministère de la Défense, Forces Armées Centrafricaines, 1999, Chapter III, Section 2.
Volume 3 further states:
In defence (exceptional case of unavoidable military necessity), and if the tactical situation permits, the lifting of the immunity of a cultural object identified by three distinctive signs will be limited in time and restricted to the least important parts of the cultural object.
Central African Republic, Le Droit de la Guerre, Fascicule No. 3: Formation pour l’obtention du Brevet d’Armes No. 1, du Brevet d’Armes No. 2 et le stage d’Officier de Police Judiciaire (OPJ), Ministère de la Défense, Forces Armées Centrafricaines, 1999, Chapter III, Section 2.
The Central African Republic’s Disciplinary Regulations (2009) states:
In accordance with the international conventions signed or approved by the Central African Government, it is stipulated that during combat servicemen must … spare buildings dedicated to religion, art, science and charitable purposes, as well as historic monuments, unless these are used for military purposes.
Central African Republic, Décret 09.411 portant règlement de discipline générale dans les Armées, Ministre de la Défense Nationale, des Anciens Combattants, des Victimes de Guerre, du Désarmement et de la Restructuration de l’Armée, 10 December 2009, Article 12(10).
