Norma relacionada
Spain
Practice Relating to Rule 37. Open Towns and Non-Defended Localities
Spain’s LOAC Manual (2007) states: “Any inhabited place near or in a zone where armed forces are in contact, which is open for occupation, can be declared a non-defended locality.”
Spain, Orientaciones. El Derecho de los Conflictos Armados, Tomo 1, Publicación OR7–004, (Edición Segunda), Mando de Adiestramiento y Doctrina, Dirección de Doctrina, Orgánica y Materiales, 2 November 2007, § 1.3.e.(1).
The manual further states:
For a locality to be declared undefended, it must meet the following conditions:
- it must be evacuated by all military personnel and mobile military weapons and equipment;
- no hostile use can be made of fixed military facilities or establishments;
- both the authorities and the population must refrain from committing acts of hostility;
- no activity in support of military operations can be carried out in or from such places.
Spain, Orientaciones. El Derecho de los Conflictos Armados, Tomo 1, Publicación OR7–004, (Edición Segunda), Mando de Adiestramiento y Doctrina, Dirección de Doctrina, Orgánica y Materiales, 2 November 2007, § 4.5.b.(3).(b).
Spain’s LOAC Manual (1996) prohibits attacks against open towns and non-defended localities.
Spain, Orientaciones. El Derecho de los Conflictos Armados, Publicación OR7-004, 2 Tomos, aprobado por el Estado Mayor del Ejército, Division de Operaciones, 18 March 1996, Vol. I, § 4.5.b.(3)(b).
The manual further states that “launching an attack against … non-defended localities” constitutes a war crime.
Spain, Orientaciones. El Derecho de los Conflictos Armados, Publicación OR7-004, 2 Tomos, aprobado por el Estado Mayor del Ejército, Division de Operaciones, 18 March 1996, Vol. I, § 11.8.b.(1).
Spain’s LOAC Manual (2007) prohibits attacks against open towns and non-defended localities.
Spain, Orientaciones. El Derecho de los Conflictos Armados, Tomo 1, Publicación OR7–004, (Edición Segunda), Mando de Adiestramiento y Doctrina, Dirección de Doctrina, Orgánica y Materiales, 2 November 2007, § 4.5.b.(3).(b).
Spain’s Penal Code (1995) provides for the punishment of “anyone who, in the event of armed conflict, should … knowingly violate the protection due to … undefended areas … which are duly identified with signs or the appropriate distinctive signals”.
Spain, Penal Code, 1995, Article 612(1).
