Ukraine’s IHL Manual (2004) defines “Reprisals” as: “violations of international humanitarian law in response to violations by the enemy State in order to stop unlawful actions by the opponent party to the conflict”. 

Ukraine’s IHL Manual (2004) states: “Reprisals can be used as a last resort measure”. 

Ukraine’s IHL Manual (2004) states: “Reprisals … shall be proportionate to violations by the enemy”.