France
Practice Relating to Rule 98. Enforced Disappearance
Under France’s Penal Code (1992), abduction of persons followed by their disappearance is a crime against humanity.
France’s Penal Code (1992), as amended in 2010, states in its section on war crimes common to international and non-international armed conflicts:
[A]bducting or kidnapping … a person protected by the international law of armed conflict pursuant to the laws and customs of war and to international humanitarian law, is an aggravated offence.