Соответствующая норма
Côte d’Ivoire
Practice Relating to Rule 52. Pillage
Côte d’Ivoire’s Teaching Manual (2007) provides in Book I (Basic instruction):
Lesson 3. Rules of behaviour in combat
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I.1 Basic rules
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[Basic Rule No. 10]:
Respect the possessions of others. Pillage is prohibited.
[Observation]:
Destruction, theft and pillage are acts of vandalism which dishonour the military institution.
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I.2 Specific rules
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Civilians
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13. Respect their possessions
- Theft and pillage are prohibited.
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Lesson 4. Breaches and repression of violations of IHL
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I. Grave violations
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In Côte d’Ivoire, the Penal Code has provided for the repression of certain violations:
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- article 464 [punishes] acts of pillage.
Côte d’Ivoire, Droit de la guerre, Manuel d’instruction, Livre I: Instruction de base, Ministère de la Défense, Forces Armées Nationales, November 2007, pp. 21–22, 23, 26 and 29–30; see also Droit de la guerre, Manuel d’instruction, Livre II: Instruction du gradé et du cadre, Manuel de l’instructeur, Ministère de la Défense, Forces Armées Nationales, November 2007, p. 16; Droit de la guerre, Manuel d’instruction, Livre III, Tome 1: Instruction de l’élève officier d’active de 1ère année, Manuel de l’élève, Ministère de la Défense, Forces Armées Nationales, November 2007, p. 39; Droit de la guerre, Manuel d’instruction, Livre IV: Instruction du chef de section et du commandant de compagnie, Manuel de l’élève, Ministère de la Défense, Forces Armées Nationales, November 2007, p. 66.
In Book III, Volume 2 (Instruction of second-year trainee officers), the Teaching Manual further provides:
Lesson 2. Protection
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Geneva Convention IV prohibits using the civilian population as a shield to protect certain regions or installations (militarily generally important) against attacks by the enemy … Pillage, hostage-taking and reprisal measures against civilians are equally prohibited.
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Lesson 4. Violations and repression
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I.3. War crimes
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War crimes are equally violations of the laws and customs of war such as:
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- plunder of public or private property.
Côte d’Ivoire, Droit de la guerre, Manuel d’instruction, Livre III, Tome 2: Instruction de l’élève officier d’active de 2ème année, Manuel de l’instructeur, Ministère de la Défense, Forces Armées Nationales, November 2007, pp. 21 and 43–45.
In Book IV (Instruction of heads of division and company commanders), the Teaching Manual provides: “Pillage, acquisition of objects by force for private purposes, is prohibited. It is regarded as a war crime.”
Côte d’Ivoire, Droit de la guerre, Manuel d’instruction, Livre IV: Instruction du chef de section et du commandant de compagnie, Manuel de l’élève, Ministère de la Défense, Forces Armées Nationales, November 2007, p. 51.
Côte d’Ivoire’s Penal Code (1981), as amended in 1998, punishes pillage and damage to commodities, goods or belongings committed by soldiers as a group.
Côte d’Ivoire, Penal Code, 1981, as amended in 1998, Article 464.
Côte d’Ivoire’s Penal Code (1981), as amended in 2015, states:
Article 139
Whoever commits a war crime is punished with life imprisonment.
War crimes are:
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2 - other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in international armed conflict, within the established framework of international law, namely, any of the following acts:
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- pillaging a town or place, even when taken by assault;
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4 - other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in armed conflicts not of an international character, within the established framework of international law, namely, any of the following acts:
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- pillaging a town or place, even when taken by assault;
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Article 139-1
The provisions of paragraphs 3 and 4 of the above article 139 do not apply to situations of internal disturbances and tensions, such as riots, isolated and sporadic acts of violence or other acts of a similar nature.
Côte d’Ivoire, Penal Code, 1981, as amended in 2015, Articles 139–139-1.
