Germany’s Military Manual (1992) states that “compelling prisoners of war and civilians to serve in the forces of the adversary” is a grave breach of IHL. 

Germany’s Law Introducing the International Crimes Code (2002) provides for the punishment of anyone who, in connection with an international armed conflict “compels a protected person … by force or threat of appreciable harm to serve in the forces of a hostile power, [or] compels a national of the adverse party by force or threat of appreciable harm to take part in the operations of war directed against his or her own country”.