Spain
Practice Relating to Rule 23. Location of Military Objectives outside Densely Populated Areas
Spain’s LOAC Manual (1996) lists among the required precautionary measures to be taken in defence the duty to “do everything possible to organize defence outside densely populated areas”.
The manual further specifies that armed forces must “to the extent possible … avoid locating military objectives within densely populated areas”.
Spain’s LOAC Manual (2007) states: “As far as possible, the defence of military objectives should be organized outside densely populated areas.”
The manual further states: “To the extent possible … military objectives must not be sited in densely populated areas”.