Norma relacionada
United States of America
Practice Relating to Rule 34. Journalists
The US Naval Handbook (2007) states:
War correspondents, although civilians, may be accredited by the armed forces that they accompany. While war correspondents are not combatants, their close proximity to combatants means that they may be incidentally killed or injured during a lawful attack on a military objective.
United States, The Commander’s Handbook on the Law of Naval Operations, NWP 1-14M/MCWP 5-12.1/COMDTPUB P5800.7, issued by the Department of the Navy, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations and Headquarters, US Marine Corps, and Department of Homeland Security, US Coast Guard, July 2007, § 11.5.
In 1987, the Deputy Legal Adviser of the US Department of State affirmed: “We also support the principle that journalists be protected as civilians under the [1949 Geneva] Conventions, provided they take no action adversely affecting such status.”
United States, Remarks of Michael J. Matheson, Deputy Legal Adviser, US Department of State, The Sixth Annual American Red Cross-Washington College of Law Conference on International Humanitarian Law: A Workshop on Customary International Law and the 1977 Protocols Additional to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, American University Journal of International Law and Policy, Vol. 2, 1987, p. 428.
In 1992, in a report submitted pursuant to paragraph 5 of UN Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) on grave breaches of the 1949 Geneva Convention IV committed in the former Yugoslavia, the United States included the killing of a television producer and the wounding of a camerawoman by sniper fire in Sarajevo among “deliberate attacks on non-combatants”.
United States, Former Yugoslavia: Grave Breaches of the Fourth Geneva Convention (Third Submission), annexed to Letter dated 5 November 1992 to the UN Secretary-General, UN Doc. S/24791, 10 November 1992, p. 19.
