Norma relacionada
Netherlands
Practice Relating to Rule 96. Hostage-Taking
The Military Manual (1993) of the Netherlands restates the prohibition of hostage-taking found in common Article 3 of the 1949 Geneva Conventions and Article 75 of the 1977 Additional Protocol I and Article 4 of the 1977 Additional Protocol II.
Netherlands, Toepassing Humanitair Oorlogsrecht, Voorschift No. 27-412/1, Koninklijke Landmacht, Ministerie van Defensie, 1993, pp. VIII-3, XI-1 and XI-4.
The manual further provides that hostage-taking is a grave breach of the 1949 Geneva Conventions and of the 1977 Additional Protocol I.
Netherlands, Toepassing Humanitair Oorlogsrecht, Voorschift No. 27-412/1, Koninklijke Landmacht, Ministerie van Defensie, 1993, p. IX-5.
The Military Manual (2005) of the Netherlands states that “kidnapping and deportation are forbidden”.
Netherlands, Humanitair Oorlogsrecht: Handleiding, Voorschift No. 27-412, Koninklijke Landmacht, Militair Juridische Dienst, 2005, § 0224(f).
In its chapter on the protection of the civilian population, the manual states that “hostage-taking [is] prohibited”.
Netherlands, Humanitair Oorlogsrecht: Handleiding, Voorschift No. 27-412, Koninklijke Landmacht, Militair Juridische Dienst, 2005, § 0808.
The manual refers to hostage-taking as an act that is “prohibited at all times”.
Netherlands, Humanitair Oorlogsrecht: Handleiding, Voorschift No. 27-412, Koninklijke Landmacht, Militair Juridische Dienst, 2005, § 0810.
(emphasis in original)In its chapter on non-international armed conflict, the manual states: “Acts of terror and hostage-taking are prohibited.”
Netherlands, Humanitair Oorlogsrecht: Handleiding, Voorschift No. 27-412, Koninklijke Landmacht, Militair Juridische Dienst, 2005, § 1039.
In its chapter on non-international armed conflict, the manual states:
It is expressly prohibited to carry out the following acts against the civilian population or individual civilians, wounded, sick or prisoners:
…
- hostage-taking;
…
- threatening anyone with the above-mentioned acts or treatment.
Netherlands, Humanitair Oorlogsrecht: Handleiding, Voorschift No. 27-412, Koninklijke Landmacht, Militair Juridische Dienst, 2005, § 1051.
In its chapter on peace operations, under the heading “Protection and treatment of civilians”, the manual states: “Any form of physical violence, hostage-taking, collective punishments or threats of these are strictly prohibited.”
Netherlands, Humanitair Oorlogsrecht: Handleiding, Voorschift No. 27-412, Koninklijke Landmacht, Militair Juridische Dienst, 2005, § 1228.
Under the International Crimes Act (2003) of the Netherlands, “the taking of hostages” is a crime, whether committed in an international armed conflict (as a grave breach of the 1949 Geneva Conventions) or in a non-international armed conflict (as a violation of Article 3 common to the 1949 Geneva Conventions).
Netherlands, International Crimes Act, 2003, Articles 5(1)(h) and 6(1)(b).
