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Italy’s LOAC Elementary Rules Manual (1991) states: “Specifically protected persons may not participate directly in hostilities and may not be attacked.” Such persons include military and civilian medical personnel.
Italy, Regole elementari di diritto di guerra, SMD-G-012, Stato Maggiore della Difesa, I Reparto, Ufficio Addestramento e Regolamenti, Rome, 1991, §§ 7 and 12.
Italy’s Law of War Decree (1938), as amended in 1992, states that military medical personnel must be respected and protected “provided they are not committing acts of hostility”.
Italy, Law of War Decree, 1938, as amended in 1992, Article 95.