Norma relacionada
France
Practice Relating to Rule 58. Improper Use of the White Flag of Truce
France’s Disciplinary Regulations (1975), as amended, provides that, under international conventions, it is prohibited “to use improperly the flag of parlementaires”.
France, Règlement de Discipline Générale dans les Armées, Decree No. 75-675 of 28 July 1975, replacing Decree No. 66-749, completed by Decree of 11 October 1978, implemented by Instruction No. 52000/DEF/C/5 of 10 December 1979, and modified by Decree of 12 July 1982, Ministère de la Défense, Etat-Major de l’Armée de Terre, Bureau Emploi, Article 9 bis (2).
France’s LOAC Manual (2001) states: “It is prohibited … to use improperly … the white flag.”
France, Manuel de droit des conflits armés, Ministère de la Défense, Direction des Affaires Juridiques, Sous-Direction du droit international humanitaire et du droit européen, Bureau du droit des conflits armés, 2001, p. 47.
France’s Code of Military Justice (1982) punishes:
any individual, military or not, who, in time of war, in the area of operations of a force or unit, in violation of the laws and customs of war, uses improperly the distinctive signs and emblems defined by international conventions to ensure the respect for persons, objects and places protected by those conventions.
France, Code of Military Justice, 1982, Article 439.
France’s Code of Military Justice (2006) states:
The offence by any person, military or not, who in times of war, in the area of operations of a force or unit, in violation of the laws and customs of war, improperly uses the distinctive signs and emblems defined by the international conventions to ensure the respect for persons, objects and places protected by these conventions, is punished with five years’ imprisonment.
France, Code of Military Justice, 2006, Article L. 322-16.
France’s Code of Defence (2004), as amended in 2008, states: “[Combatants] are … prohibited to improperly use the flag of parlementaire”.
France, Code of Defence, 2004, as amended in 2008, Article D4122-9.
