Norma relacionada
Spain
Practice Relating to Rule 54. Attacks against Objects Indispensable to the Survival of the Civilian Population
Section A. Attacks against objects
Spain’s LOAC Manual (1996) states that it is prohibited to attack, destroy, remove or render useless objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population “with the intent to starve the civilian population”.
Spain, Orientaciones. El Derecho de los Conflictos Armados, Publicación OR7-004, 2 Tomos, aprobado por el Estado Mayor del Ejército, Division de Operaciones, 18 March 1996, Vol. I, § 3.3.c.(4); see also § 4.5.b.(2).
The manual also gives as examples of such objects, foodstuffs, agricultural areas for the production of foodstuffs, crops, livestock, drinking water installations and reserves, irrigation works, etc.
Spain, Orientaciones. El Derecho de los Conflictos Armados, Publicación OR7-004, 2 Tomos, aprobado por el Estado Mayor del Ejército, Division de Operaciones, 18 March 1996, Vol. I, § 4.5.b.(2); see also §§ 1.3.d.(3) and 3.3.c.(4).
Spain’s LOAC Manual (2007) states:
It is prohibited to attack, destroy, remove or render useless objects essential to the survival of the civilian population, such as foodstuffs, agricultural areas for the production of foodstuffs, crops, livestock, drinking water installations and supplies and irrigation works, with the intention of starving out the civilian population.
Spain, Orientaciones. El Derecho de los Conflictos Armados, Tomo 1, Publicación OR7–004, (Edición Segunda), Mando de Adiestramiento y Doctrina, Dirección de Doctrina, Orgánica y Materiales, 2 November 2007, § 3.3.c.(4); see also §§ 1.3.d.(3), 4.5.b.(2).(b) and 7.3.b.(2).(d).
Spain’s Penal Code (1995) punishes “anyone who, during an armed conflict, … attacks, destroys, removes or renders useless objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population”.
Spain, Penal Code, 1995, Article 613(1)(c); see also Article 612(3).
Spain’s Penal Code (1995), as amended in 2010, states:
1. Anyone who in the event of an armed conflict commits or orders to be committed any of the following acts shall be punished with four to six years’ imprisonment:
…
e. Attacking, destroying, removing or rendering useless objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population …
…
2. … In all other cases mentioned in the above article, the higher sentence can be imposed when extensive and important destructions are caused to the property, objects or installations or [the acts] are of extreme gravity.
Spain, Penal Code, 1995, as amended on 23 June 2010, Article 613(1)(e) and (2); see also Article 612(3).
