Australia
Practice Relating to Rule 10. Civilian Objects’ Loss of Protection from Attack
Section B. Situations of doubt as to the character of an object
Australia’s Defence Force Manual (1994) states: “In cases of doubt whether an object which is normally dedicated to civilian purposes, such as a church, is being used to make an effective contribution to military action, it should be presumed to be a civilian object.”
Australia’s LOAC Manual (2006) states: “In cases of doubt whether objects which are normally dedicated to civilian purposes, such as a church, are being used to make an effective contribution to military action, they are presumed to be civilian objects.”
The LOAC Manual (2006) replaces both the Defence Force Manual (1994) and the Commanders’ Guide (1994).