United States of America
Practice Relating to Rule 61. Improper Use of Other Internationally Recognized Emblems
The US Air Force Pamphlet (1976) provides:
It is forbidden to make use of … the protective signs for safety zones other than as provided for in international agreements establishing these [signs] … It is also prohibited to make improper use of … the protective emblem of cultural property.
The US Naval Handbook (1995) states: “Protective signs and symbols may be used only to identify personnel, objects, and activities entitled to protected status which they designate. Any other use is forbidden by international law.”
The Handbook lists the protective emblem for cultural property among emblems not to be misused.
The US Naval Handbook (2007) states: “Protective signs and symbols may be used only to identify personnel, objects, and activities entitled to the protected status that they designate. Any other use is forbidden by international law.”
The Handbook further states that “misuse [and] abuse … [of] similar protective emblems” are examples of acts that could be considered war crimes.
In 1987, the Deputy Legal Adviser of the US Department of State affirmed: “We support the principle … that internationally recognized protective emblems … not be improperly used”.