Concerns persist in the case of international adoption as Chad has not yet ratified the Hague Convention of 1993 on Protection of Children and Cooperation in respect of Inter-Country Adoption. This legal lacuna makes it impossible to monitor children adopted by foreigners and it exposes some children to the risks of exploitation in a context of increasing trafficking in children. In practice however the legal procedure for adoption is rarely followed. The traditional method of adoption … is unfortunately expanding as a result of the increasing number of orphans and children rendered vulnerable by conflict … , who are taken in by families without any legal proceedings.