The Joint Circular on Adherence to IHL and Human Rights (1991) of the Philippines was issued “to effectively pursue the intents and purposes of Presidential Memorandum Order No. 393 dated September 9, 1991, directing the Armed Forces and National Police to reaffirm their adherence to the Principles of Humanitarian Law and Human Rights in the conduct of security/police operations” and “for strict compliance of every member of the AFP [Armed Forces of the Philippines] and PNP [Philippine National Police] in all levels of command/office”.