Netherlands
Practice Relating to Rule 6. Civilians’ Loss of Protection from Attack
Section C. Situations of doubt as to the character of a person
The Military Manual (1993) of the Netherlands states: “In case of doubt whether a person is civilian, that person is considered to be a civilian.”
The Military Manual (2005) of the Netherlands states: “If there is any doubt whether someone is a civilian, he or she is treated as a civilian.”
In its chapter on the protection of the civilian population, the manual states: “If there is any uncertainty whether someone is a genuine civilian, this person is given the benefit of the doubt pending proof to the contrary, and must be treated as a civilian.”