Madagascar
Practice Relating to Rule 106. Conditions for Prisoner-of-War Status
Madagascar’s Military Manual (1994) states that combatants “distinguish themselves by their uniform or by a fixed recognizable sign or, at least, by carrying arms openly”.
The manual further states:
Combatants must distinguish themselves from the civilian population while engaged in a combat action or in a preparatory military operation. Members of regular armed forces or persons who are assimilated thereto usually distinguish themselves by their uniform.
Madagascar’s Military Manual (1994) states that: “Participants in a
levée en masse are considered as combatants if they carry arms openly and respect the law of war.”
Madagascar’s Military Manual (1994) states:
All combatants are required to distinguish themselves from the civilian population during each military engagement or a preparatory military operation. Regular armed forces or those forces attached to them distinguish themselves usually by wearing uniform. However, where because of
the nature of hostilities, they are unable to do so, they do not lose their combatant status provided that they
carry their arms openly.

[emphasis in original]