Russian Federation
Practice Relating to Rule 5. Definition of Civilians
The Russian Federation’s Regulations on the Application of IHL (2001) states:
civilian is any person present in the area of combat operations, who is not a member of armed forces and refrains from any act of hostility. In case of doubt whether a person is a civilian, that person shall be considered a civilian;
civilian population is a population which consists of civilians.
The Report on the Practice of the Russian Federation notes that although there is no standard definition of civilians, a definition can be inferred
a contrario from the definition of combatant, i.e. civilians are those who do not fall within the definition of combatant.