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      1. Rules\By Rule

      • 1. Rules
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      • Introduction
      • Introduction
      • Annex I
      • Annex II
      • Annex III
      • Authors' Note
      • Translation Note
      • I. The Principle of Distinction
      • 1
        The Principle of Distinction between Civilians and Combatants
      • 2
        Violence Aimed at Spreading Terror among the Civilian Population
      • 3
        Definition of Combatants
      • 4
        Definition of Armed Forces
      • 5
        Definition of Civilians
      • 6
        Civilians’ Loss of Protection from Attack
      • 7
        The Principle of Distinction between Civilian Objects and Military Objectives
      • 8
        Definition of Military Objectives
      • 9
        Definition of Civilian Objects
      • 10
        Civilian Objects’ Loss of Protection from Attack
      • 11
        Indiscriminate Attacks
      • 12
        Definition of Indiscriminate Attacks
      • 13
        Area Bombardment
      • 14
        Proportionality in Attack
      • 15
        Principle of Precautions in Attack
      • 16
        Target Verification
      • 17
        Choice of Means and Methods of Warfare
      • 18
        Assessment of the Effects of Attacks
      • 19
        Control during the Execution of Attacks
      • 20
        Advance Warning
      • 21
        Target Selection
      • 22
        Principle of Precautions against the Effects of Attacks
      • 23
        Location of Military Objectives outside Densely Populated Areas
      • 24
        Removal of Civilians and Civilian Objects from the Vicinity of Military Objectives
      • II. Specifically Protected Persons and Objects
      • 25
        Medical Personnel
      • 26
        Medical Activities
      • 27
        Religious Personnel
      • 28
        Medical Units
      • 29
        Medical Transports
      • 30
        Persons and Objects Displaying the Distinctive Emblem
      • 31
        Humanitarian Relief Personnel
      • 32
        Humanitarian Relief Objects
      • 33
        Personnel and Objects Involved in a Peacekeeping Mission
      • 34
        Journalists
      • 35
        Hospital and Safety Zones and Neutralized Zones
      • 36
        Demilitarized Zones
      • 37
        Open Towns and Non-Defended Localities
      • 38
        Attacks Against Cultural Property
      • 39
        Use of Cultural Property for Military Purposes
      • 40
        Respect for Cultural Property
      • 41
        Export and Return of Cultural Property in Occupied Territory
      • 42
        Works and Installations Containing Dangerous Forces
      • 43
        Application of General Principles on the Conduct of Hostilities to the Natural Environment
      • 44
        Due Regard for the Natural Environment in Military Operations
      • 45
        Causing Serious Damage to the Natural Environment
      • III. Specific Methods of Warfare
      • 46
        Orders or Threats that No Quarter Will Be Given
      • 47
        Attacks against Persons Hors de Combat
      • 48
        Attacks against Persons Parachuting from an Aircraft in Distress
      • 49
        War Booty
      • 50
        Destruction and Seizure of Property of an Adversary
      • 51
        Public and Private Property in Occupied Territory
      • 52
        Pillage
      • 53
        Starvation as a Method of Warfare
      • 54
        Attacks against Objects Indispensable to the Survival of the Civilian Population
      • 55
        Access for Humanitarian Relief to Civilians in Need
      • 56
        Freedom of Movement of Humanitarian Relief Personnel
      • 57
        Ruses of War
      • 58
        Improper Use of the White Flag of Truce
      • 59
        Improper Use of the Distinctive Emblems of the Geneva Conventions
      • 60
        Improper Use of the United Nations Emblem or Uniform
      • 61
        Improper Use of Other Internationally Recognized Emblems
      • 62
        Improper Use of the Flags or Military Emblems, Insignia or Uniforms of the Adversary
      • 63
        Use of Flags or Military Emblems, Insignia or Uniforms of Neutral or Other States Not Party to the Conflict
      • 64
        Conclusion of an Agreement to Suspend Combat with the Intention of Attacking by Surprise the Adversary Relying on it
      • 65
        Perfidy
      • 66
        Non-Hostile Contacts between the Parties to Conflict
      • 67
        Inviolability of Parlementaires
      • 68
        Precautions while Receiving Parlementaires
      • 69
        Loss of Inviolability of Parlementaires
      • IV. Weapons
      • 70
        Weapons of a Nature to Cause Superfluous Injury or Unnecessary Suffering
      • 71
        Weapons That Are by Nature Indiscriminate
      • 72
        Poison
      • Nuclear Weapons
      • 73
        Biological Weapons
      • 74
        Chemical Weapons
      • 75
        Riot Control Agents
      • 76
        Herbicides
      • 77
        Expanding Bullets
      • 78
        Exploding Bullets
      • 79
        Weapons Primarily Injuring by Non-Detectable Fragments
      • 80
        Booby-Traps
      • 81
        Restrictions on the Use of Landmines
      • 82
        Recording of the Placement of Landmines
      • 83
        Removal or Neutralization of Landmines
      • 84
        The Protection of Civilians and Civilian Objects from the Effects of Incendiary Weapons
      • 85
        The Use of Incendiary Weapons against Combatants
      • 86
        Blinding Laser Weapons
      • V. Treatment of Civilians and Persons Hors de Combat
      • Introduction to Fundamental Guarantees
      • 87
        Humane Treatment
      • 88
        Non-Discrimination
      • 89
        Violence to Life
      • 90
        Torture and Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment
      • 91
        Corporal Punishment
      • 92
        Mutilation and Medical, Scientific or Biological Experiments
      • 93
        Rape and Other forms of Sexual Violence
      • 94
        Slavery and Slave Trade
      • 95
        Forced Labour
      • 96
        Hostage-Taking
      • 97
        Human Shields
      • 98
        Enforced Disappearance
      • 99
        Deprivation of Liberty
      • 100
        Fair Trial Guarantees
      • 101
        The Principle of Legality
      • 102
        Individual Criminal Responsibility
      • 103
        Collective Punishments
      • 104
        Respect for Convictions and Religious Practices
      • 105
        Respect for Family Life
      • 106
        Conditions for Prisoner-of-War Status
      • 107
        Spies
      • 108
        Mercenaries
      • 109
        Search for, Collection and Evacuation of the Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked
      • 110
        Treatment and Care of the Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked
      • 111
        Protection of the Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked against Pillage and Ill-Treatment
      • 112
        Search for and Collection of the Dead
      • 113
        Treatment of the Dead
      • 114
        Return of the Remains and Personal Effects of the Dead
      • 115
        Disposal of the Dead
      • 116
        Accounting for the Dead
      • 117
        Accounting for Missing Persons
      • 118
        Provision of Basic Necessities to Persons Deprived of Their Liberty
      • 119
        Accommodation for Women Deprived of Their Liberty
      • 120
        Accommodation for Children Deprived of Their Liberty
      • 121
        Location of Internment and Detention Centres
      • 122
        Pillage of Personal Belongings of Persons Deprived of Their Liberty
      • 123
        Recording and Notification of Personal Details of Persons Deprived of their Liberty
      • 124
        ICRC Access to Persons Deprived of Their Liberty
      • 125
        Correspondence of Persons Deprived of Their Liberty
      • 126
        Visits to Persons Deprived of Their Liberty
      • 127
        Respect for Convictions and Religious Practices of Persons Deprived of Their Liberty
      • 128
        Release and Return of Persons Deprived of Their Liberty
      • 129
        The Act of Displacement
      • 130
        Transfer of Own Civilian Population into Occupied Territory
      • 131
        Treatment of Displaced Persons
      • 132
        Return of Displaced Persons
      • 133
        Property Rights of Displaced Persons
      • 134
        Women
      • 135
        Children
      • 136
        Recruitment of Child Soldiers
      • 137
        Participation of Child Soldiers in Hostilities
      • 138
        The Elderly, Disabled and Infirm
      • VI. Implementation
      • 139
        Respect for International Humanitarian Law
      • 140
        Principle of Reciprocity
      • 141
        Legal Advisers for Armed Forces
      • 142
        Instruction in International Humanitarian Law within Armed Forces
      • 143
        Dissemination of International Humanitarian Law among the Civilian Population
      • 144
        Ensuring Respect for International Humanitarian Law Erga Omnes
      • 145
        Reprisals
      • 146
        Reprisals against Protected Persons
      • 147
        Reprisals against Protected Objects
      • 148
        Reprisals in Non-International Armed Conflicts
      • 149
        Responsibility for violations of International Humanitarian Law
      • 150
        Reparation
      • 151
        Individual Responsibility
      • 152
        Command Responsibility for Orders to Commit War Crimes
      • 153
        Command Responsibility for Failure to Prevent, Repress or Report War Crimes
      • 154
        Obedience to Superior Orders
      • 155
        Defence of Superior Orders
      • 156
        Definition of War Crimes
      • 157
        Jurisdiction over War Crimes
      • 158
        Prosecution of War Crimes
      • 159
        Amnesty
      • 160
        Statutes of Limitation
      • 161
        International Cooperation in Criminal Proceedings


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