France
Practice Relating to Rule 92. Mutilation and Medical, Scientific or Biological Experiments
France’s Disciplinary Regulations (1975) as amended provides that soldiers in combat are prohibited to subject the wounded, sick and shipwrecked, prisoners and civilians to mutilations.
France’s LOAC Summary Note (1992) provides that biological experiments are war crimes under the law of armed conflicts.
France’s LOAC Manual (2001) provides that mutilation is a war crime.
France’s Penal Code (1992), as amended in 2010, states in its section on war crimes common to both international and non-international armed conflicts:
Subjecting persons from another party to the conflict to mutilations and medical or scientific experiments which are neither justified for therapeutic reasons nor carried out in the interest of these persons, and which cause death or serious injury to their health or physical or mental integrity, is punishable by life imprisonment.