Russian Federation
Practice Relating to Rule 23. Location of Military Objectives outside Densely Populated Areas
The Russian Federation’s Military Manual (1990) requires that commanders, in peacetime, “avoid deploying military objects in or near densely populated areas”.
The Russian Federation’s Regulations on the Application of IHL (2001) states: “To the greatest possible extent … the military command shall avoid deploying military objectives in densely populated areas or in their vicinity.”