相关规则
Peru
Practice Relating to Rule 129. The Act of Displacement
Section B. Evacuation of the civilian population
Peru’s IHL Manual (2004) states:
Individual or mass forcible transfers, as well as deportations of protected persons from occupied territory to the territory of the occupying power or to that of any other country, occupied or not, are prohibited, regardless of their motive.
Nevertheless, the Occupying Power may undertake total or partial evacuation of a given area if the security of the population or imperative military reasons so demand.
Such evacuations may not involve the displacement of protected persons outside the bounds of the occupied territory except when for material reasons it is impossible to avoid such displacement.
Persons thus evacuated must be transferred back to their homes as soon as hostilities in the area in question have ceased.
Peru, Manual de Derecho Internacional Humanitario para las Fuerzas Armadas, Resolución Ministerial Nº 1394-2004-DE/CCFFAA/CDIH-FFAA, Lima, 1 December 2004, § 62.b.
The manual also states that war crimes include the “unlawful deportation or transfer of a protected person”.
Peru, Manual de Derecho Internacional Humanitario para las Fuerzas Armadas, Resolución Ministerial Nº 1394-2004-DE/CCFFAA/CDIH-FFAA, Lima, 1 December 2004, § 31.a.(6).
The manual further states: “The occupying power must not detain the inhabitants of the occupied territory in an area particularly exposed to the dangers of war, unless the security of the population or imperative military reasons so demand.”
Peru, Manual de Derecho Internacional Humanitario para las Fuerzas Armadas, Resolución Ministerial Nº 1394-2004-DE/CCFFAA/CDIH-FFAA, Lima, 1 December 2004, § 62.a.
Peru’s IHL and Human Rights Manual (2010) states:
Individual or mass forcible transfers, as well as deportations of protected persons from occupied territory to the territory of the occupying power or to that of any other country, occupied or not, are prohibited, regardless of their motive.
Nevertheless, the Occupying Power may undertake total or partial evacuation of a given area if the security of the population or imperative military reasons so demand.
Such evacuations may not involve the displacement of protected persons outside the bounds of the occupied territory except when for material reasons it is impossible to avoid such displacement.
Persons thus evacuated must be transferred back to their homes as soon as hostilities in the area in question have ceased.
Peru, Manual de Derecho Internacional Humanitario y Derechos Humanos para las Fuerzas Armadas, Resolución Ministerial No. 049-2010/DE/VPD, Lima, 21 May 2010, § 63(b), p. 266.
The manual also states that war crimes include the “unlawful deportation or transfer of a protected person”.
Peru, Manual de Derecho Internacional Humanitario y Derechos Humanos para las Fuerzas Armadas, Resolución Ministerial No. 049-2010/DE/VPD, Lima, 21 May 2010, § 32(a)(6), p. 248.
The manual further states: “The occupying power must not detain the inhabitants of the occupied territory in an area particularly exposed to the dangers of war, unless the security of the population or imperative military reasons so demand.”
Peru, Manual de Derecho Internacional Humanitario y Derechos Humanos para las Fuerzas Armadas, Resolución Ministerial No. 049-2010/DE/VPD, Lima, 21 May 2010, § 63(a), p. 265.
Peru’s Constitution (1993) authorizes the restriction or suspension of, inter alia, freedom of movement during “states of emergency” (cases of disturbance of the peace or internal order, of disasters, or serious circumstances affecting the life of the nation), but banishment remains prohibited at all times. During “states of siege” (cases of invasion, external war, civil war or imminent danger), on the other hand, fundamental rights cannot be suspended.
Peru, Constitution, 1993, Article 137.
