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France
Practice Relating to Rule 88. Non-Discrimination
France’s Disciplinary Regulations (1975), as amended, exhorts combatants to “treat humanely and without distinction all persons hors de combat”.
France, Règlement de Discipline Générale dans les Armées, Decree No. 75-675 of 28 July 1975, replacing Decree No. 66-749, completed by Decree of 11 October 1978, implemented by Instruction No. 52000/DEF/C/5 of 10 December 1979, and modified by Decree of 12 July 1982, Ministère de la Défense, Etat-Major de l’Armée de Terre, Bureau Emploi; Article 9 bis.
France’s LOAC Manual (2001) restates Article 75(1) of the 1977 Additional Protocol I.
France, Manuel de droit des conflits armés, Ministère de la Défense, Direction des Affaires Juridiques, Sous-Direction du droit international humanitaire et du droit européen, Bureau du droit des conflits armés, 2001, p. 51.
It further emphasizes that one of the three main principles common to IHL and human rights is the principle of non-discrimination, according to which “individuals are treated without any distinction based on race, sex, nationality, philosophical, religious or political opinion”. France, Manuel de droit des conflits armés, Ministère de la Défense, Direction des Affaires Juridiques, Sous-Direction du droit international humanitaire et du droit européen, Bureau du droit des conflits armés, 2001, pp. 51–52.
France’s LOAC Summary Note (1992) states: “Captured combatants whether they are wounded, sick or shipwrecked shall be cared for … and benefit from the same treatment as friendly military personnel.”
France, Fiche de Synthèse sur les Règles Applicables dans les Conflits Armés, Note No. 432/DEF/EMA/OL.2/NP, Général de Corps d’Armée Voinot (pour l’Amiral Lanxade, Chef d’Etat-major des Armées), 1992, § 2.1
France’s Code of Defence (2004), as amended in 2008, states: “Combatants must collect, protect and care for the wounded, sick and shipwrecked without any discrimination on the grounds of race, gender, religion, nationality, ideology or ethnic group.”
France, Code of Defence, 2004, as amended in 2008, Article D4122-8.
France’s LOAC Manual (2001) quotes Article 7(1)(j) of the 1998 ICC Statute, which defines the crime of apartheid as a crime against humanity.
France, Manuel de droit des conflits armés, Ministère de la Défense, Direction des Affaires Juridiques, Sous-Direction du droit international humanitaire et du droit européen, Bureau du droit des conflits armés, 2001, pp. 32, 51 and 52.
