Australia
Practice Relating to Rule 107. Spies
Section A. Definition of spies
Australia’s Commanders’ Guide (1994) defines spies as “combatants who conduct covert espionage operations in enemy occupied territory, while not in uniform”.
Australia’s Defence Force Manual (1994) defines espionage as “the clandestine collection of information behind enemy lines or in the area of operations with the intention of communicating that information to a hostile party to the conflict”.
Australia’s LOAC Manual (2006) defines espionage as “the clandestine collection of information behind enemy lines or in the area of operations with the intention of communicating that information to a hostile party to the conflict”.
The LOAC Manual (2006) replaces both the Defence Force Manual (1994) and the Commanders’ Guide (1994).