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Colombia
Practice Relating to Rule 2. Violence Aimed at Spreading Terror among the Civilian Population
Colombia’s Basic Military Manual (1995) provides that the civilian population shall not be terrorized.
Colombia, Derecho Internacional Humanitario – Manual Básico para las Personerías y las Fuerzas Armadas de Colombia, Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, 1995, p. 30.
Colombia’s Penal Code (2000) imposes a criminal sanction on “anyone who, during an armed conflict, carries out or orders the carrying out of … acts or threats of violence whose primary purpose is to terrorize the civilian population”.
Colombia, Penal Code, 2000, Article 144.
In 2007, in the Constitutional Case No. C-291/07, the Plenary Chamber of Colombia’s Constitutional Court stated:
The principle of distinction is complex and encompasses a number of treaty and customary norms applicable in internal armed conflicts, in addition to, in many cases, enjoying ius cogens status. These rules [include] … the prohibition to take actions the primary purpose of which is to cause terror among the civilian population.
Colombia, Constitutional Court, Constitutional Case No. C-291/07, Judgment of 25 April 2007, pp. 84–86.
