United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Practice Relating to Rule 86. Blinding Laser Weapons
The UK LOAC Manual (2004) states:
“It is prohibited to employ laser weapons specifically designed, as their sole combat function or as one of their combat functions, to cause permanent blindness to unenhanced vision”. These weapons must not be transferred to other states or non-State entities.
In its chapter on air operations, the manual states:
12.54. It is prohibited “to employ laser weapons specifically designed, as their sole combat function or as one of their combat functions, to cause permanent blindness to unenhanced vision.”
12.54.1. Systems which use lasers for range-finding, missile guidance and target laying, not being so designed as above, are unaffected.
Upon acceptance of the 1995 Protocol IV to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, the United Kingdom stated: “The application of its provisions will not be limited to the situations set out in Article 1 of the [1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons].”
In 1998, in a letter to the ICRC President, the UK Secretary of Defence stated:
The UK’s Armed Forces have never planned to use weapons intended to cause permanent blindness. The capabilities of weapons systems under development which employ lasers, and the concepts of operation for their use, are already consistent with the [1995 Protocol IV to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons].
The UK LOAC Manual (2004) states:
6.15. “It is prohibited to employ laser weapons specifically designed, as their sole combat function or as one of their combat functions, to cause permanent blindness to unenhanced vision”. These weapons must not be transferred to other states or non-State entities.
6.15.1. Other laser systems may be employed against military objectives, for example, against military optical equipment even though this may cause incidental effects, including blindness, to the users of that equipment.
6.15.2. “In the employment of laser systems, … all feasible precautions” must be taken “to avoid the incidence of permanent blindness to unenhanced vision.”
In 1998, in a letter to the ICRC President, the UK Secretary of Defence stated: “The capabilities of weapons systems under development which employ lasers, and the concepts of operation for their use, are already consistent with the [1995 Protocol IV to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons].”