القاعدة ذات الصلة
Peru
Practice Relating to Rule 54. Attacks against Objects Indispensable to the Survival of the Civilian Population
Peru’s IHL Manual (2004) states:
It is prohibited to attack, destroy, remove or render useless objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population, such as foodstuffs, agricultural areas for the production of foodstuffs, crops, livestock, drinking water installations and supplies, irrigation works, etc., for the specific purpose of starving out civilians.
Peru, Manual de Derecho Internacional Humanitario para las Fuerzas Armadas, Resolución Ministerial Nº 1394-2004-DE/CCFFAA/CDIH-FFAA, Lima, 1 December 2004, § 27.d.(2).
The manual further states: “Attacks on … objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population (essential public services) are considered to be war crimes.”
Peru, Manual de Derecho Internacional Humanitario para las Fuerzas Armadas, Resolución Ministerial Nº 1394-2004-DE/CCFFAA/CDIH-FFAA, Lima, 1 December 2004, § 31.a.
Peru’s IHL and Human Rights Manual (2010) states:
It is prohibited to attack, destroy, remove or render useless objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population, such as foodstuffs, agricultural areas for the production of foodstuffs, crops, livestock, drinking water installations and supplies, irrigation works, etc., for the specific purpose of starving out civilians.
Peru, Manual de Derecho Internacional Humanitario y Derechos Humanos para las Fuerzas Armadas, Resolución Ministerial No. 049-2010/DE/VPD, Lima, 21 May 2010, § 29(d)(2), p. 238; see also p. 398.
The manual further states: “Attacks on … objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population (essential public services) are considered to be war crimes.”
Peru, Manual de Derecho Internacional Humanitario y Derechos Humanos para las Fuerzas Armadas, Resolución Ministerial No. 049-2010/DE/VPD, Lima, 21 May 2010, § 32(a), p. 248.
Peru’s Code of Military Justice (1980) imposes penalties on members of the armed forces who destroy or endanger public services vital to the survival of the population, such as water supplies.
Peru, Code of Military Justice, 1980, Article 95(3).
Peru’s IHL Manual (2004) states:
Objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population are no longer protected when:
(a) the adverse party uses them as sustenance solely for the members of its armed forces;
(b) the adverse party uses them in direct support of military action (under no circumstances must the civilian population be left without adequate supplies of food or water, forcing it to move).
Peru, Manual de Derecho Internacional Humanitario para las Fuerzas Armadas, Resolución Ministerial Nº 1394-2004-DE/CCFFAA/CDIH-FFAA, Lima, 1 December 2004, § 27.d.(3).(a) and (b).
Peru’s IHL and Human Rights Manual (2010) states:
Objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population are no longer protected when:
(a) They are solely used for the members of its armed forces.
(b) They are used in direct support of military action (under no circumstances must the civilian population be left without adequate supplies of food or water, forcing it to move).
Peru, Manual de Derecho Internacional Humanitario y Derechos Humanos para las Fuerzas Armadas, Resolución Ministerial No. 049-2010/DE/VPD, Lima, 21 May 2010, § 28(d)(3)(a)–(b), p. 238.
Peru’s IHL Manual (2004) states:
Objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population are no longer protected when:
…
(c) they are required by imperative military necessity to defend the national territory against invasion.
Peru, Manual de Derecho Internacional Humanitario para las Fuerzas Armadas, Resolución Ministerial Nº 1394-2004-DE/CCFFAA/CDIH-FFAA, Lima, 1 December 2004, § 27.d.(3).(c).
Peru’s IHL and Human Rights Manual (2010) states:
Objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population are no longer protected when:
…
(c) They are imperatively required for the military defence against the invasion of the national territory.
Peru, Manual de Derecho Internacional Humanitario y Derechos Humanos para las Fuerzas Armadas, Resolución Ministerial No. 049-2010/DE/VPD, Lima, 21 May 2010, § 28(d)(3)(c), p. 238.
