القاعدة ذات الصلة
Spain
Practice Relating to Rule 58. Improper Use of the White Flag of Truce
Spain’s LOAC Manual (1996) provides that the improper use – to identify persons and objects not protected – of the white flag is a prohibited deception.
Spain, Orientaciones. El Derecho de los Conflictos Armados, Publicación OR7-004, 2 Tomos, aprobado por el Estado Mayor del Ejército, Division de Operaciones, 18 March 1996, Vol. I, § 5.3.c; see also § 10.8.e.(1).
The manual also states that the white flag may not be used for other than its intended purpose.
Spain, Orientaciones. El Derecho de los Conflictos Armados, Publicación OR7-004, 2 Tomos, aprobado por el Estado Mayor del Ejército, Division de Operaciones, 18 March 1996, Vol. I, § 3.3.b.(2).
Spain’s LOAC Manual (2007) states:
It is prohibited to make improper use of the following distinctive signs and signals for any purpose other than the intended one:
…
(e) the white flag (flag of truce).
Spain, Orientaciones. El Derecho de los Conflictos Armados, Tomo 1, Publicación OR7–004, (Edición Segunda), Mando de Adiestramiento y Doctrina, Dirección de Doctrina, Orgánica y Materiales, 2 November 2007, § 3.3.b.(2).(e); see also § 5.3.c.
Spain’s Military Criminal Code (1985) punishes any soldier who “displays improperly the flag of parlementaires”.
Spain, Military Criminal Code, 1985, Article 75(1).
Spain’s Penal Code (1995) punishes “anyone who, during an armed conflict, … uses improperly … the flag of parlementaires or of surrender”.
Spain, Penal Code, 1995, Article 612(6).
Spain’s Penal Code (1995), as amended in 2010, states:
Anyone who [commits any of the following acts] during armed conflict shall be punished with three to seven years’ imprisonment:
…
4. Improperly using the protective or distinctive signs, emblems or signals established and recognized under international treaties to which Spain is a party.
Spain, Penal Code, 1995, as amended on 23 June 2010, Article 612(4).
