Canada
Practice Relating to Rule 65. Perfidy
Section H. Simulation of protected status by using other internationally recognized emblems
Canada’s Geneva Conventions Act (1985), as amended in 2007, provides: “Every person who, whether within or outside Canada, commits a grave breach [of the 1977 Additional Protocol I] … is guilty of an indictable offence.”
Canada’s LOAC Manual (1999) provides that “the perfidious use of … protective signs recognized by the Geneva Conventions or [Additional Protocol] I” constitutes a grave breach of the 1977 Additional Protocol I and a war crime.
Canada’s LOAC Manual (1999), in its chapter on “War crimes, individual criminal liability and command responsibility”, identifies as a grave breach of the 1977 Additional Protocol I and a war crime the “perfidious use of … protective signs recognized by the Geneva Conventions or [the 1977 Additional Protocol] I”.