France
Practice Relating to Rule 57. Ruses of War
France’s LOAC Summary Note (1992) provides: “If ruse of war is authorized, perfidy is prohibited.”
France’s LOAC Manual (2001) incorporates the content of Article 24 of the 1907 Hague Regulations.
The manual defines “lawful deception: the ruse of war or stratagem is a non-perfidious act but aimed at deceiving the enemy or inducing him to act recklessly”.
The manual gives the examples of camouflage, decoy, feint, simulated demonstration or operation, disinformation, false information and technical ruses.
The manual also incorporates the content of Article 37(2) of the 1977 Additional Protocol I.